ESKIMO ETHNOLOGICAL MATERIAL I n I 



inches deep with an internal diameter of only 0.3 inch. The 

 slightly concave rim is of brass, 2 inches in diameter. This 

 pipe has been used, as has No. 11,003, which has a brass picker 

 for cleaning the bowl attached by a double line of braided 

 sinew. The mouthpiece is of ivory ornamented with grooved 

 rings. The stem is of a single piece of birch, the hole through 

 it having been drilled from both ends, meeting in an obtuse 

 angle in the convex lower side where the opening is closed by 

 a small piece of wood neatly inlaid. The larger end is closed 

 by a brass cartridge. The bowl is of hard greenish-gray stone. 

 This pipe was obtained at the Diomede Islands. 



At present Herschel Island Eskimos use the clay or wooden 

 pipes obtained from the whalers. They have learned to smoke 

 cigarettes and the collection contains two carved cigarette hold- 

 ers of walrus ivory. 



From a grave at Herschel Island a metal bowl, No. 10,952, 

 was obtained, which has a shank of lead, lined with copper, 

 and a copper ring around the middle. The saucer is surrounded 

 by a thin band and its surface is inlaid with eight radiating 

 strips of copper. 



Eskimo Weapons. 



The Central Eskimos are now supplied with American re- 

 peating rifles, notwithstanding the watchfulness of the United 

 States revenue cutters which are directed to enforce the laws 

 prohibiting the entrance of rifles and liquors to the Alaskan 

 natives. Very few of those at Herschel Island would carry the 

 light muskets used by the Indians. Shotguns are little used, 

 and the strong sinew-corded bow will soon be known only by 

 tradition. 



Bows. The Eskimo bow, with its reinforcement of tightly 

 twisted sinew cable, is far superior in strength and neatness to 

 the self bows of the Northern Indians. Three specimens were 

 collected, all of brittle spruce driftwood, straight when relaxed. 

 The largest, No, 10,859, is 46 inches long, somewhat elliptical 

 in section, flattened upon the back and narrowed and thickened 

 at the handle and near the ends. The backing is a three-ply 

 braid of sinew, twisted in two strands from a point 14 inches 

 from the handle. Beyond the twisted portion it is whipped 

 firmly around the bow in nine bands of 4 hitches each and one 



