60 DISEASES OF SHEEP. 



nation) to remove any dirt adhering to the pox, and open- 

 ing the white upper skin of the same by' means of incisions, 

 catches the lymph into the receiver or furrow of the needle, 

 which he now hands to the operator, who inserts the needle 

 (holding it horizontally) at a point somewhat in the middle 

 of the tail,,and not less than five or six inches from the 

 anus ; the needle should be pressed lengthwise under the 

 skin, producing an incision of about one-eighth or one- 

 sixth of an inch in length. After this the operator will 

 give a slight turn to the needle, to allow the lymph to flow 

 from the furrow upon the flesh ; and this done, the needle 

 may be removed after slightly pressing the incised skin. 

 In the same manner all the auimals of a herd may be 

 operated upon one after the other. It is, however, advisa- 

 ble to have only male sheep vaccinated upon the tail ; 

 ewes have to be operated upon in another manner. It has 

 been observed that natural pox, as well as the last-men- 

 tioned and so-called tail pox, generally furnishes only a 

 small quantity of lymph ; and in such a case the blood or 

 bloody fluid of such pox may be used Avith the same bene- 

 ficial effect. It is, however, advisable to select those vaeci- 

 nated sheep whose pox contains the greatest quantity of 

 lymph. The so-called tail pox, if in proper condition, 

 contains sufficient vaccine-matter for two or three hundred 

 sheep, which matter accumulates upon the edge of such 

 pox, from whence it is to be obtained by cutting off the 

 upper skin. The animal whose matter is to be used must 

 be put in such a position that the other animals are not - 

 exposed to the vapors of the former. 



Vaccination of the ear. — 'As in the before-described opera- 

 tion, the animal whose matter is to be used for vaccination 

 must be laid upon a bench at the right hand of the opera- 

 tor, who now himself has to fill the needle with vaccine- 

 matter and to hold the animal to be operated upon at his 



