DISEASES OF CATTLE. 145 



During the progress of the disease the animal is unable 

 to stand, and at last even unable to rise, death generally 

 taking place on the third or seventh day after the attack. 

 The owner should resort to the proper remedies, even if the 

 animal seems to be healthy, for if this disease once makes 

 its appearance in a certain neighborhood, it generally 

 spreads among all the cattle. 



Dissection. — On opening the carcass, the tripe is hard and 

 grated, containing in its interior and between its leaves a 

 quantity of very dry food, which can easily be reduced to 

 powder. The epidermis of these leaves can easily be peeled 

 off, is black and dry, and appears as if burnt; the third 

 stomach of ruminants and the intestines are inflamed and 

 often gangrenous ; the milk is parched up ; the liver tawny 

 and friable; the gall-bladder very large, containing a 

 large amount of thin gall ; the lungs are less inflamed than 

 in lingering' diseases,,and the other parts of the body seem 

 to be healthy, although the meat appears a little soft and 

 discolored. 



This disastrous disease has at different times destroyed 

 the cattle of whole districts and countries, and thereby 

 ruined the prosperity of their inhabitants. The country 

 where this disease originated is Southern Eussia, especially 

 Bessarabia, Podolia, Keiv, the Ukraine and the dominions 

 of the Cossacks of the Don. In 1717, for instance, 70,000 

 cattle died in the territory of Piedmont, 300,000 in Hol- 

 land, and 26,000 in the Ecclesiastical States. In Denmark, 

 280,000 cattle were destroyed from 1745 to 1749, and in 

 1776 Holland again lost about 300,000 cattle. 



The disease has been known in Germany since 1830 

 under the name of " Lungenfceule" (rottenness of the lungs), 

 pulmonary consumption or pursiness. The first appearance 

 was in Bohemia during 1831, 1841 and 1842 ; in Bavaria 

 and Palatinate during 1844 ; in the southern part of Kus- 

 13 G 



