KOSEMA-DISEASE. 57 



(19) Suspended in honej, Nosema apis is desteoyed by heating at 

 about 138° F. (59° C). j J & 



(20) Noserm apis, drying at room and outdoor temperatures, re- 

 spectively, remained virulent for about 2 months, at incubator tem- 

 perature about 3 weeks, and in a refrigerator about 7^ months. 



(21) Noserm apis was destroyed in the presence of fermentative 

 processes in a 20 per cent honey solution in 3 days at incubator tem- 

 perature and in 9 days at outdoor temperature. In a 10 per cent 

 sugar solution it was destroyed in from 7 to 11 days at room tem- 

 perature. 



(22) Nosema apis resisted putrefactive processes for 5 days at 

 incubator temperature, for 2 weeks at room temperature, and for more 

 than 3 weeks at outdoor temperature. 



(23) Noserm apis when dry was destroyed in from 15 to 32 hours 

 by direct exposure to the stm's rays. 



(24) Nosema apis suspended in water was destroyed by exposure 

 to the sun's rays in from 37 to 51 hours. 



(25) Noserm, apis if suspended in honey and exposed to the sun's 

 rays frequently will be destroyed on account of the temperature of 

 the honey which results from the exposure. 



(26) Nosema apis remained virulent in honey for from 2 to 4 

 months at room temperature. 



(27) Noserm, apis in the bodies of dead bees ceased to be virulent 

 in one week at incubator temperature, in 4 weeks at room tempera- 

 ture, in 6 weeks at outdoor temperature, and in 4 months in a refrig- 

 erator. 



(28) Nosema apis in the bodies of dead bees lying on the soil ceased 

 to be virulent in from 44 to 71 days. 



(29) Nosema apis is readily destroyed by carbolic acid, a 1 per cent 

 aqueous solution destroying it in less than 10 minutes. 



(30) The time element which by the experiments is shown to be 

 sufficient for the destruction of Nosema apis should be increased 

 somewhat to insure their destruction in practical apiculture. 



(31) The prognosis in Nosema-disease varies markedly from excel- 

 lent, in case of strong colonies with a comparatively small percentage 

 of Nosema-infected bees, to very grave, in case of weak ones with a 

 high percentage of infected bees. 



(32) From a technical point of view the results here given must be 

 considered as being approximate only. They are, however, in most 

 instances sufficient for practical purposes. 



