UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 

 BULLETIN No. 780 



Contributlan itrom the Burean of Entomology 

 L. O. HOWARD. CUef 



Washington, D. C< 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



June m, 1919 



NOSEMA-MSMSE 



By 

 G. F. WHITE, Specialist in Insect Diseases 



CONTENTS 



Page 



bltroductlon 1 



Name of Disease ....:.... 3 

 JOtteaOra Tract of Advlt Bees .... 4 

 Cause of Nossma- Disease ..... 7 

 A TJireehYear Study of Nosema Infec- 

 tion in an Apiary ...13 



SyRiiit'ozosof Nosema-Dfaease . . . . 21 

 Methods {Imployed in fxperimentaj 



Studies .24 



Effect of Nosemalnfection on the Colony 



and on the Apiary 23 



Resistance of Niosema apis to Heating . 29 

 Resistance of Nosema apis to Drying . 31 

 Resistance of Nosema apis to Fermenta- 

 tion 



33 



Fage 

 ResistanceofNosemaapIatoPutrefaction 35 

 Resistance of Nosema apis to Direct* 



Suniight 37 



Period Nosema apis Remains Tlmlent . 39 

 Infeistionsness of Brood-Combs from 



Nosema-Infected Colonies . . , .43 

 Resistance of Nosema apis to Carbolic 



Acid 44 



Effect of Dmgs^on Nosema- Disease . .44 

 Modes of Transmission of Nosema>Dia- 



ease 46 



Diagnosis of Nosema-Disease .... 48 

 Prognosis in Nosema-Dlseaae .... 63 ' 



Summary and Condnsiona 6S 



Literature Cited . .'^ 68 



WASmNGXOH 

 QOTEBNME!NT PRINHNO OFFICB 



