548 PROCI^EDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Aug., 



It is quite possible that the gland cells never function until the 

 bee has emerged. It seems reasonable, therefore, to regard the 

 raiiid growth which takes place in these cells after the bees have 

 emerged to the fact that the gland cells suddenly begin to function. 



5. SCENT-PEODUCING OrGAN OP QuEEN. 



The articular membrane between the fifth and sixth abdominal 

 terga of a queen honey bee is never visible externally, except at the 

 instant when she bends her abdomen to sting an object beneath her. 

 Several of these articular membranes of queens were excised and 

 were examined in the same manner as already related for those of 

 workers. Gland cells and chitinous tubes are present in the same 

 position and arrangement as they are in workers. 



All the other articular membranes between the abdominal terga 

 in queens and workers were examined, but no chitinous tubes nor 

 gland cells were found. 



The gland cells (fig. 16a) in adult queens are at least one-third 

 larger than are those in adult workers (fig. 15, GIC) and in fixed and 

 stained sections they have the same structure. The gland cells 

 (fig. 16&) in pupse of queens also have the same structure as those in 

 pupae of workers. 



6. Does a Drone have a Scent-producing Organ? 



All the articular membranes between the abdominal terga of 

 several drones were excised and carefully examined. At no time did 

 the writer ever find chitinous tubes attached to any one of these 

 membranes and he never saw any cells adhering to the membranes 

 which resemble the gland cells already described. This does not mean 

 that drones do not have any scent-producing organs, because other 

 parts of the body and all the appendages were not examined for 

 glandular structures. Scent-producing organs in males of several 

 other insects have been described, so that such an organ may still 

 be found in drones. 



Sometimes when the abdomens of young drones are slightly 

 squeezed, a very thin and whitish liquid may be seen on the abdominal 

 articular membranes. At other times a clear liquid may be observed 

 on the articular membranes, particularly on those between the 

 fourth and fifth, and fifth and sixth abdominal terga. This clear 

 liquid has a saline taste, and in this respect resembles the blood of 

 drones. 



