1898-1902. No. 13.] ECHINODERMATA. 13 



2 ambulacral papillae, though somelimes, on large portions of the arms, 

 the adambulacral plates may have only one papilla i. In Asterias green- 

 landica there is a double row of ambulacral papilla, but in this form 

 also, only one papilla may sometimes be found. The adambulacral 

 plates in Asterias spitsbergensis, like those in Asterias grcenlandica, 

 have normally two papillae, but three may sometimes be found. This 

 difference between these three, otherwise so similar, forms is so small, 

 that upon this character only they cannot be maintained as independent 

 species. Asterias spitzbergensis ought, as already indicated by Doder- 

 LEiN, to be referred to Asterias millleri i. grcenlandica. 



On the other hand, I do not agree with Michailovskij (27, p. 166) 

 in thinking that Asterias Jiyperborea, Danielssen & Koren (3, p. 269; 

 4, p. 10, PI. 3, figs. 1 — 7) "keine selbstandige Art bildet sondern als 

 die am typischsten ausgesprochene nordliche Varietat der A. millleri 

 (M. Sars) aufzufassen ist". Two specimens of Asterias Jiyperborea, 

 now in the Bergen Museum, were taken by; the Norwegian North 

 Atlantic Expedition near Bear Island. It was subsequently found by the 

 "Olga" Expedition between that island and the south point of Spitzbergen. 

 If we compare Asterias hyperborea with Asterias millleri and nearly- 

 allied forms, we shall find that it has quite a different and coarser 

 armature on the abactinal face of the disc. This was already apparent, 

 moreover, from Danielssen and Koren's drawing, but is still more 

 marked in Doderlein's photographic reproduction of Asterias hyperborea 

 (7, p. 198, PI. 4, fig. 2, PI. 5, figs. 4 & 5) and Asterias grcenlandica (PI. 

 4, fig. 3, PI. 5, fig. 3). The most characteristic difference, however, is 

 in the pedicellariae. In Asterias mulleri there are a few forficiform 

 pedicellariae on the ambulacral papillae, or they are altogether wanting; 

 in Asterias hyperborea, on the other hand, the pedicellariae are forci- 

 piform and arranged in groups (Biischel). This difference is so charac- 

 teristic that Doderlein has rightly employed it in his key to the Asterias 

 species collected by the "Olga" Expedition. 



Asterias panopla, Stuxberg. 

 Locality. 

 July 2, 1900. Winter harbour, Havne Fjord; about 60m. Small stones. 

 July 18, 1900. Winter harbour, Havne Fjord; about 60 m. Small 

 stones and clay. 



' There are generally two rows of papillae on the lower part of the arms. (Cf. 

 Bell. 1, p. 100). M. Sabs (St, p. 88) has found three papillae on larger specimens, 

 and on the largest specimens four, of whi(th the two innermost, however, are obsolete. 



