22 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIsT. suRVEY. [Bull. 
lid to a distance of ten centimeters or more. The ripening 
and scattering of the spores occurs in the summer months. 
THE ANDREZEALES 
The present order contains the single genus Andreza, 
separated from the Bryales on account of the peculiar structure 
of the capsule. The species are all small, and grow in tufts on 
siliceous rocks, usually in mountainous regions. The gameto- 
phyte consists of an upright and sparingly branched stem bear- 
ing crowded leaves in the three-eighths arrangement. Except 
for the midrib, which occurs in certain species only, the leaves 
show no cell differentiation. 
The sporophyte bears a certain resemblance to that of 
Sphagnum. It consists of an oval capsule and a well-developed 
foot, but no true stalk is formed. The calyptra is very delicate 
and is ruptured long before the spores are mature; sometimes 
it is carried up on the tip ofthe capsule, sometimes it remains 
at the base and the capsule protrudes through it, very much as 
in the Jungermanniacez. The capsule contains a definite 
columella, arched over by the spore cavity in the form of a 
hollow cylinder, and is bounded on the outside by a wall 
several cells thick. The wall has a distinct epidermis without 
stomata, and is probably not very efficient as a photosynthetic 
tissue, although some of its cells contain chloroplasts. When 
the spores are mature, the tip of the archegonial branch elon- 
gates rapidly, assuming the function of a stalk, and the wall 
of the capsule splits along four longitudinal lines. These do 
not extend, however, to the apex, but they are sufficient to 
expose the spores and to allow them to be scattered by the 
wind. The capsule usually reaches maturity in the spring or 
early summer. 
THE BRYALES 
The Bryales, or True Mosses, constitute the largest order 
of the Bryophytes, and include about two thirds of the Con- 
necticut species. The gametophyte varies greatly in size, being 
sometimes only one millimeter long and sometimes attaining 
a length of ten centimeters or more. It always consists of a 
leafy shoot, the leaves being usually arranged in more than 
