JEElIMINAEt DEFIIflTrONa. 7 



1*116 PKINCIPAL species (there may be one or more) is that which 

 from the superior value of the produce it yields, and the general 

 suitability of the prerailing conditions for its favourable growth, 

 necessarily determines and regulates the rotation, regime, and me- 

 thod of treatment to be adopted in a forest. 



Of the remaining valuable species well distributed tliroughout 

 the forest, or capable of being generally introduced there, those are 

 qualified as auxiliary, which, from generally possessing diiferenl 

 requirements from the principal species, utiK'ze space both in the 

 soil and in the leaf-canopy not occupied by the latter, and, in doing 

 so, promote and improve its growth. (See Chapter V, Section I'll 

 infra?) 



All the other species, that are neither principal nor auxiliary,' may 

 be termed accessoey. These are either too slightly distributed, or 

 do not attain a sufficiently large' size in the forest in question, or 

 yield produce of too little value to influence in any permanent 

 manner the working and treatment of the forests 



Thus in teak forest, teak' would be the principal species ; Dalhergia latifolia, Tef' 

 jydnalict tom€htosa, Sckleickera t/rijuga, Pterocarpus Marsupium^ Anogeissus latifolia, 

 Ac. J the auxiliary species ; and Sterculia urens,- Odina Wodiei*, CochlospermuTln Goss^- 

 pium, iScc, the accessory opeoies. In special cases, however, in the present state ol 

 the' market, Ddlbergia latifolia and some other trees classed as auxiliary (e.g.; Hard- 

 wickia binata, Pterocarpus Marsupium, Sc.,) provided they are aliundant enough, may 

 become principal species in company with the teak. Again in sal forest, sal would 

 be the' prifi'oipal spfecies-;' Schleichera trijuga, Lagerstrcemia parmjUyrd, Adina dotdifa- 

 lia, (fee, thd auxiUary , speoieb ;' and the Tei/fantherasf Phmbe lanceolata, Buchanania 

 latifolia, Semecarpus Anacardium, Mallotus philippinensis, &c., the accessory species.' 

 Lastly, in deodar fofefet, deodar would of course be the prifi'dipal species ; the spruce' 

 fir, oaks, Pinus excelsa, dec, the auxiliary species ; and species of £o$acece, CorAaeew,- 

 CelastrinecB, maples, hollies, &c., would compose the accessory oliass. 



52. A COUPE is any area in which a felling or cutting has been! 

 or is to be made, and the produce obtained from the felling is 

 collectively termed the yield or outtuen/ 



53.- To CLBAiT- or clbae-fell a coupe means to remove in a 

 single operation the entire crop standing on that coupe, the corres- 

 ponding operation being termed a clean- or oleae-fblling. 



54. When a coupe is not clean-felledj the trees left standing 

 are the STOEES or staNdaeds, which may collectively be termed 

 the eeserve. Such a coupe may be styled a stoked coupe'. 

 When the reserve is spared long enough for a new forest crop t(> 

 estabhsh itself under it, this lower crop constitutes the underwood. 

 As distinguished from underwood the term undebgeowth is gene- 

 ric in its signification, and includes, besides the underwood, all 

 brushwood, bashes, herbage, &e. standing under any loftier crop of 

 trees. 



