AEEA. 165 



least minimised, but where frosts prevail, such localities should be 

 high enough to be above the reach of severe frosts. 



As no trees should stand in the nursery, nor any so near its 

 boundary as to interfere, by means of their roots, with the cultiva- 

 tion of the ground inside, the selection of a blank, which is also 

 otherwise adapted for the purpose, is to be recommended in the 

 interests of economy. But a belt of trees along the boundary, 

 producing useful seed or fruit and sheltering the nursery against 

 cold or scorching winds, is always desirable. 



The aspect will depend in each case on the chmate of the place 

 and the necessity or otherwise of shelter or free exposure to the 

 weather. Thus, in a hot dry region a northerly slope will be 

 selected, while in a cold or damp situation, a southerly outlook 

 will generally be the best. Where night frosts or early frosts 

 occur, a south-westerly exposure is the safest — see page 55 (2). 



Localities subject to heavy hail-storms should be avoided, also 

 places Uable to inundations. 



The accessibility of a nursery is a matter of the first impor- 

 tance. In the plains always, and in the hills whenever possible, 

 carts ought to be able to come up to the nursery. And for the 

 forest or forests which it has to serve, the nursery should occupy 

 the most central position available. 



Lastly, the situation should be a healthy one at all times of 

 the year, for the estabHshment must be a resident one, and super- 

 vising oflScers should be able to visit the nursery at aU seasons. 



ARTICLE 2 . 



Area of the nursery. 



The area of a permament nursery ought, generally speaking, 

 to be at least large enough to occupy fully the time of any special 

 estabUshment entertained for it. It will of course vary with the area of 

 the forest or forests which it has to serve, with the extent to which 

 artificial methods of stocking or regeneration are resorted to, with 

 the average age and size of the transplants to be raised and the 

 probable extent of failures after they have been put out. It must 

 be borne in mind that the labour and cost of estabhshing, and 

 especially of maintaining, a single large nursery is much less than 

 that required for a number of smaller nurseries aggregating the 

 same area, except that in the former case the transplants have to be 

 carried out over a longer distance. Nevertheless, unless the dis- 

 tance of lead is very great, the extra cost of carriage per individual 

 plant is generally insignificant, and in nearly every case it is 



