216 PERMANENT iSUESERrES. 



bark is cut square, and fits exactly into a square incision in the 

 stock, from which incision the bark has been entirely removed. As 

 there is no overlapping bark of the stock to cover and protect the 

 bud-bearing shield and thus hasten the union between the bud and 

 stock, this method is not so certain in its results as the preceding. 



(iii) Flute-Budding (Fig. 65 A). The flute should be taken 

 off a cylinder of wood slightly thicker than the one on which it is 

 to be worked, as it shrinks as soon as it has been taken off. A 

 narrow bandage is put over the junction of the barks at (e) and a 

 cap of soft adhesive plaster (grafting clay answers very weU) is put 

 over the top to exclude weather influences. This method suits 

 walnut and other thick-barked trees, 



(iv) Ring-Budding (Fig. 65 i?.) The piece of bark (r) should 

 be taken off a part somewhat thicker than the part of the stock on 

 which it is to be applied, both in order to anticipate the shrinkage 

 referred to under flute-budding and also to prevent any chance of 

 ia bad fit. If ultimately found too large, the edges can be pai-ed 

 till they just meet when the piece is brought tightly round. This 

 method of budding is more easily performed than the preceding 

 one, from which it differs principally by the fact that in it the stock 

 need not be headed down at all and can, therefore, continue its 

 vegetative processes with undiminished vigour and thus contribute 

 an abundance of formative matter to complete the union of the 

 scion with itself. 



The best season for any of the preceding modes of budding is 

 when the bark of the stock is gorged with sap and comes away 

 easily from the wood, and the weather is moist and warm. Water 

 should never be allowed to enter and lodge between the bark of 

 the scion and the wood of the stock. 



G. Inarching or Grafting by Approach. 



This method differs from all the previous methods of grafting in 

 that the scion has not to be separated from its parent tree in order 

 to be worked upon the stock. Inarching is effected by making a 

 email blaze on one side in both stock and scion, then fitting the 

 two closely together by the bared surfaces. After complete union 

 has taken place, the branch or plant inarched may be severed at 

 once from the parent tree or stock ; but it is better to gradually 

 diminish its partial dependence on the parent either by cutting 

 through it little by little or by girdling it about ^ in. below the 

 union, so that while a certain quantity of sap (chiefly crude) will 

 still continue to flow into it, the elaborated sap may be arrested 



