THE THREE GREAT SYSTEMS OP REGENERATION COMPARED. 405 

 Artificial Regeneration. NaMral Segeneraiion by Regeneration by Coppice. 



generation without any new generation is always a mediate conaequence of a 



blank interval; but there ia gradual process, being the single clear-fellmg, and the 



always a period of waiting, accumulated results of seve- new crop may be said to be 



while the young crop is ral years' work, and often established the very first 



establishing itself. even of several years' seed- year. 



faU. 



6. Completeness of the Completeness of the new 

 new generation mathemati- generation always uncer- 

 cally regulated. tain. 



Completeness of the new 

 generation exactly anticipat- 

 ed, being at least equ^ to 

 that of the parent crop, and, 

 if there is room for spread- 

 ing, always greater. 



7. Hence possibility of Work in any year depends More effective than even 

 organising annually recur- on the characteristics of the artificial regeneration, 

 ring work of a single kind, season, and hence the an- thanks to (4) and (5), 

 and of making the forest aa nual operations cannot be 

 regvdar as possible. prescribed in detail before- 



hand, but must vary from 

 year to year vrith the ab- 

 undance and effectiveness 

 of the seeding. Hence also 

 the impossibility of con- 

 stituting a strictly regular 

 forest. 



8. Hence great simplici- 

 ty of work — generally a 

 single clear-felling immedi- 

 ately followed by sowing or 

 planting. 



Work complicated by 

 the generaBy numerous fel- 

 lings, differing among 

 themselves according to 

 the condition of the parent 

 crop and the success of the 

 seeding and depending on 

 so many contingencies that 

 have to be constantly 

 watched ; also by the fact 

 that the annual yield has to 

 be made up not only from 

 different classes of fellings, 

 but from several separate 

 areas. 



Extreme 

 work — only 

 feUings. 



simplicity of 

 a single clear 



9. Hence all the work of 

 any year can be concentrat- 

 ed at a single point over a 

 comparatively small area, 

 thus making execution and 

 control easier and mere ef- 

 fective, felling, conversion 

 and export more convenient 

 and cheaper, and sales rea- 

 dier and more remunerative. 



Owing to its dispersion 

 and complexity, work is 

 slow and tedious and dif- 

 ficult to organise and con- 

 trol, and the net value of 

 the produce of the felling 

 is thereby unfavourably 

 affected 



10. Hence calls for only Jardinage excluded, calls 

 a moderate amount of skill for a very high degree of 

 on the part of the forester, technical skiU and umioir 

 if we except the case of an fai/re, 

 originally blank area, which 

 indeed, as said above, could 

 be stocked vrith forest 

 under no other system. 



Work being even simpler 

 and equally concentrated, 

 the same advantages are 

 secured as in artificial re- 

 generation and in fuller 

 measure. 



The wholesale style of 

 felling, which is itself the 

 immediate cause of the re- 

 generation, calls for little 

 exercise of technical skill 

 and judgment. 



