406 THE THREE GREAT SYSTEMS OF REGENERATION COMPARED. 



Artificial Regeneration, Natural Regeneration hy Regeneration iy Coppice, 



11. The plants being In the case of every crop 

 originally so spaced as not there is very considerable 

 to interfere with each other, loss of production, owing 

 and coming up, aa they do, to the protracted regenera- 

 in more or less prepared tion, and the prolongation, 

 soil, enjoy an unchecked by the cover overhead, of 

 development from the very the seedlings and early sap- 

 commencement. This is ling stages. Moreover pa- 

 true even of a crop in- rent or nurse trees have not 

 troduced under cover, for unfrequently to be kept in 

 the whole area being sown the interests of the new 

 or planted up in a single crop, long after they have 

 operation, the cover is re- ceased to make any useful 

 moved before it can do any growth. But on the other 

 harm, even to individual hand, if the seedlings are 

 plants. The annual rate kept back by the parent 

 of growth is thus pretty crop, the trees composing 

 steady and is very high, this latter, being early 



But, on the other baud, 

 the wider spacing of the 

 stems and their generally 

 equal height and vigour, 

 prevent the trees from 



being drawn up as high as proportionately large addi- 



they would be, if the stock tion to the value of the 



were denser and there tree, and may thus more 



were neighbours to con- than compensate for the 



stantly force them up. obstructed development of 



But aa a compensating the tiny seedlings. But 



circumstance, the trees this will happen only under 



attain a large girth early, exceptionally favourable 



and therefore become ex- conditions of climate and 



ploitable long before self- soil, and, aa a rule, the 



sown trees can. Thus the annual yield of a self-sown 



yield of an artificially- crop will be less than that 



raised crop is generally of an artificially raised one, 



larger than that of a self- especially one that has been 



sown one. planted. 



Coppice at first grows 

 very much faster than seed- 

 lings or any kind of trans- 

 plants, both per ae, and on 

 account of the comparative- 

 ly wide intervals between 

 the parent stools to. ; and 

 it is out before the growth 

 becomes slow. Hence, con- 

 sidering only the amount 

 of production, irrespective 

 of the class of wood or 

 timber obtained, coppice 

 yields the largest outturn 

 per acre per annum, 



forced by the preparatory 

 and other regeneration fel- 

 lings, expand rapidly, 

 when every cubic foot of 

 added timber means a 



12. Owing to the rapid See under artificial re^ 

 growth explained under generation. 

 (11), artificially-raised crops 

 begin to give marketable 

 produce earlier than self- 

 sown ones, but not ao early 

 as coppice. 



Yields marketable pro- 

 duce very much earlier 

 than even artificially- 

 raised crops. 



13. If the exploitation 

 of an artificially-regenerated 

 forest is economical, its 

 constitution is very much 

 more expensive than that 

 of any other. 



Much less expensive than 

 artificial regeneration, even 

 where the soil is specially 

 prepared to receive seed. 



The production of cop- 

 pice rarely requires any 

 preparation of the soU and 

 few or no repairs. Hence, 

 in spite of the low cutting 

 and shaping of stools, re- 

 generation hardly costs 

 more than the mere felling 

 of the tree. If we bear in 

 mind the almost mathe- 

 matical regularity of the 

 coupes, the convenience of 

 export, and the concentra- 



