128 SEX INHERITANCE 
which he locates either in the cytoplasm, that is, 
outside the chromosomal mechanism, or, more , 
probably, in the W chromosome. These factors 
do not segregate, and are transmitted from -the 
female to her sons and daughters alike. The FF 
factors stand for femaleness, which apparently in- 
cludes the eggs, ovaries, secondary sexual charac- 
ters, and genitalia, in fact, all parts associated with 
the female. The sex of a given individual is de- 
pendent on the balance struck by the activity of 
the factors Mm and FF. 
One illustration of the kind of explanation ad- 
vanced by Goldschmidt may be given. As stated, 
he represents the female by FFMm, and the male 
by FFMM. If in a certain race the FF “factorial 
set’’ is represented by 80 units, and the “‘present”’ 
male factor, M, by 60 units, then the above formula 
for the female becomes 80 — 60 = +20, and the 
male formula becomes 80 — (60 + 60) = —40. In 
the former, female units ‘‘dominate,” in the latter, 
the male. Values like these can be arbitrarily set 
for all the different races. For instance the follow- 
ing values are assigned to the ‘‘weak’’ European 
race and the “strong” Japanese: 
Weak European Race Strong Japanese Race 
9 (FF) Mm 9 (FF) Mm 
80 60 100 80 
¢ (FF) MM ¢ (FF) MM 
80 60, 60 100 80, 80 
