THE CHROMOSOMES 179 
had first occurred, Winkler is inclined to ascribe 
the results to some special conditions that are thus 
introduced. 
In somewhat the same way Winkler obtained a 
giant nightshade plant. The ordinary cells of the 
Fig. 47A—Chromosomes of normal and of giant tomato. a, pollen 
mother cell of tomato with 12 chromosomes. 0b, somatic cell of tomato with 
24 chromosomes. c, pollen mother cell of giant tomato, with 24 chromo- 
somes. d, somatic cell of giant tomato with 48 chromosomes. (After 
Winkler.) 
nightshade contain 72 chromosomes (Fig. 47B, b), 
and the pollen mother cells 36 chromosomes (Fig. 
47B, a). The cells of the giant nightshade con- 
tained 144 chromosomes (Fig. 47B, d), and the 
