106 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Genus CHARITONETTA Stejneger. (Page 85, pi. XXIV., fig. 5.) 



Species. 

 Adult male : Head and upper neck rich silky dark metallic green, bronze, and 

 violet-purple, with a large patch of pure white extending from behind the eye to 

 and across the occiput; lower neck, lower parts, wing-coverts, secondaries, and 

 outer scapulars, pure white ; upper parts, except as described, black ; length 14.25- 

 15.25, wing 6.75-6.90, culmen 1.10-1.15. Adult female : Head, neck, and upper parts 

 generally dusky grayish brown ; a spot on ear-coverts, inner secondaries, and some- 

 times a portion of the greater wing-coverts, white ; lower parts white, tinged an- 

 teriorly, laterally, and posteriorly with brownish gray ; length 12.25-13.50, wing 

 5.90-6.00, culmen .95-1.00. Eggs 1.98 X 1-46, dull light buff. Hob. Whole of North 

 America, breeding northward 153. C. albeola (Linn.). Buffle-head. 



Genus CLANGULA Leach. (Page 86, pi. XXV., fig. 4.) 



Species. 



Adult male in winter : Sides of head light smoke-gray, the eyelids and rest of 

 head and neck, upper part of chest, and upper back, white ; a dusky patch on each 

 side of neck ; breast and most of upper parts black, the scapulars pale pearl-gray or 

 grayish white ; lower parts white, the sides tinged with pearl-gray. Adult male in 

 summer : Fore part of head pale grayish ; eyelids and space behind eye white ; rest 

 of head and neck, with upper parts generally, sooty blackish or dark sooty brown, 

 the upper back varied with fulvous, and scapulars edged with same ; breast and 

 upper belly dark sooty grayish, remaining lower parts white, shaded on sides with 

 pale pearl-gray. Adult female in winter: Head, neck, and lower parts chiefly 

 white ; top of head dusky ; chest grayish ; upper parts dusky brown, the scapulars 

 bordered with light brownish, sometimes tipped with grayish. Adult female in sum- 

 mer : Head and neck dark grayish brown, with a whitish space surrounding the eye, 

 and another on each side of neck ; otherwise much as in winter plumage, but scapu- 

 lars chiefly light brown or fulvous, with dusky centres. Young : Similar to winter 

 female, but much more uniform above, with scarcely any lighter borders to scapulars, 

 the head and neck light brownish gray, darker on crown, and whitish before and 

 behind eye. Downy young : Above dark hair-brown, relieved only by a few grayish 

 white markings on side of head, about eye, beneath which is a distinct dusky stripe 

 running from the corner of the mouth to the hind-head ; lower parts white, inter- 

 rupted by a dark brown band across chest. Length (of male) 20.75-23.00, wing 

 8.50-9.00, middle tail-feathers 8.00-8.50, culmen 1.10 ; the female smaller (about 

 15.00-16.00 long), with middle tail-feathers not conspicuously lengthened. Eggs 

 2.05 X 1-49, pale dull grayish pea-green, varying to dull light olive-buff. Sab. 

 Northern portion of northern hemisphere; in America, south, in winter, to nearly 

 across the United States 154. C. hyemalis (Linn.). Old-squaw. 



