144 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Genus CRYMOPHILUS Vieillot. (Page 143, pi. XLIII., fig. 3.) 



Species. 



Adult female in summer : Entire lower parts deep purplish cinnamon ; sides of 

 head white ; fore part and top of head uniform dark plumbeous or blackish ; hind- 

 neck plain cinnamon and plumbeous ; back and scapulars light ochraceous or buff, 

 striped with black. Adult male in summer : Similar to the female, but top of head 

 and hind-neck streaked with ochraceous (or buffy) and blackish, the white on side of 

 head more restricted and less abruptly defined, and size somewhat less. Winter 

 plumage : Head, neck, and lower parts pure white, the occiput and space about 

 eyes dark plumbeous ; upper parts uniform pearl-gray, or light plumbeous. Young : 

 Top of head, hind-neck, back, and scapulars dull black, the feathers edged with 

 ochraceous ; wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plumbeous, the middle cov- 

 erts bordered with pale buff, the tail-coverts with ochraceous ; head and neck (ex- 

 cept as described above) and lower parts white, the throat and chest tinged with 

 brownish buff. Downy young: Above bright tawny buff, marked with broad 

 irregular stripes of black ; broad superciliary stripes bright tawny buff, separated 

 anteriorly only by a narrow and somewhat interrupted dusky streak ; crown bright 

 umber-brown bordered with black ; chin and throat light fulvous-buff, changing to 

 smoky buff on chest ; rest of lower parts dull whitish. Length 7.50-8.75, wing 

 5.25-5.50, culmen .80-.95, tarsus .80-.85, middle toe .75-.80. Eggs 3-4, 1.24 X -86, 

 pale drab, olive-drab, olive-buff, or pale brown, heavily spotted with dark brown. 

 Sab. Northern portions of northern hemisphere, breeding far northward ; in 

 America, south, in winter, to Middle States, Ohio Valley, and Cape St. Lucas. 



222. C. fulicarius (Linn.). Red Phalarope. 



Genus PHALAROPUS Beisson. (Page 143, pi. XLIII., figs. 1, 2.) 



Species. 



a 1 . Wing less than 4.50; tarsus less" than 1.00; web between outer and middle toes 

 extending to or beyond second joint of the latter ; lateral membrane of all 

 the toes broad and distinctly " scalloped." (Subgenus Phalaropus!) 



Adult female in summer : Above dark plumbeous, the back striped with 

 ochraceous or buff; wings dusky, the greater coverts broadly tipped 

 with white ; lower parts white ; chest and sides of neck rufous. Adult 

 male in summer: Similar to the female, but colors duller, the rufous 

 almost confined to sides of neck, and less distinct, the chest chiefly 

 mixed white and grayish. Winter plumage : Forehead, superciliary 

 stripe, sides of head and neck, with lower parts generally, pure white ; 

 top of head grayish, the feathers with dusky shaft-streaks and whitish 

 borders ; a blackish spot in front of eye, and side of head, from beneath 

 eye, across ear-coverts mixed dusky and grayish white; upper parts 

 chiefly grayish ; sides of chest washed or clouded with grayish. Young : 

 Top of head dusky, with or without streaks ; back and scapulars black- 



