180 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Genus APHRIZA Audubon. (Page 179, pi. LY., fig. 2.) 



Species. 



Summer adult: Head, neck, back, and scapulars spotted and streaked with 

 dusky and whitish, the scapulars with a few large, irregular spots of rufous ; 

 upper tail-coverts, basal half of tail, a broad band across ends of greater wing- 

 coverts, tip of tail, and lower parts from breast backward, white, the sides and 

 under tail-coverts spotted with dusky. Winter adult: Head, neck, breast, and 

 most of upper parts plain dusky, or brownish slate ; white areas as in summer. 

 Young : Upper parts (except upper tail-coverts, etc.) brownish gray, the feathers 

 narrowly bordered with whitish ; throat, fore-neck, and breast white, streaked with 

 dusky grayish ; lower parts and upper tail-coverts white, Length about 10.00, 

 wing 7.00, culmen .95-1.00, tarsus 1.20-1.25, middle toe .90-.95. Sab. Pacific 

 coast of America, from Alaska to Chili ; Sandwich Islands ? 



282. A. virgata (Gmel.). Surf Bird. 



Genus ARENARIA Brisson. (Page 179, pi. LV., fig. 3.) 



(Nest on or near sea-beach, consisting of little more than a mere depression in 

 sand, gravel, or shingle. Eggs 2-4, more or less pyriform-ovate, light olive, speckled 

 with brownish.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Lower parts (except chest), upper part of rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, and greater wing-coverts, white ; rest of plumage chiefly dusky, the 

 upper parts sometimes varied with white and rufous. 



a 1 . Throat white. Adult: Upper parts varied, more or less, with rufous; head 

 mostly white; chest uniform deep black. Young: Upper parts without 

 rufous, but the feathers with ochraceous or buffy margins ; head mostly 

 dusky; chest mottled dusky. Downy young (about three days old, fide 

 Gollett) : " Blackish gray, slightly washed with yellowish, and here and there 

 tipped with black ; along the crown is a narrow black band reaching to the 

 forehead, though not quite to the base of the bill ; a similar stripe extends 

 from the base of the upper mandible to the eye; and there is a black spot at 

 the gape; sides of the throat gray; belly white; wing and scapulars colored 

 like 'the back." (Dresser.) Length 9.00-9.90, wing 6.00, culmen .80-.90, 

 tarsus 1.00. Eggs 1.58 X 1.13, light grayish olive, thickly sprinkled and 

 speckled with vandyke-brown. Hab. Entirely cosmopolitan, but chiefly 

 along sea-coasts 283. A. interpres (Linn.). Turnstone. 



a 3 . Throat dusky. Summer adult : Upper parts uniform bronzy brownish black ; 

 head, neck, and chest similar, with white streaks on forehead and chest, and 

 a large white spot on lores. Winter plumage : Similar to summer adult, but 

 head, neck, and chest uniform brownish dusky. Young : Similar to winter 



