280 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Order PICI. — The Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc. 



(Page 3.) 

 Families. 



(Characters same as those given for the Order) Picidae. (Page 280.) 



Family PICID.3L. — The Woodpeckers. (Page 280.) 



Genera. 



a 1 . Outer hind-toe longer than outer anterior toe. 

 b l . Two hind-toes. 



c 1 . Conspicuously crested, and size very large (wing 7.00, or more). 



Campephilus. (Page 281.) 

 c a . Without crest, and size small (wing not more than 5.00). 



d 1 . Nasal groove extending nearly to tip of bill ; terminal half of bill 

 not distinctly compressed. 

 e 1 . Tongue greatly extensile ; plumage much varied with black 

 (or brown) and white, the latter prevailing on lower parts. 



Dryobates. (Page 281.) 

 e'. Tongue very slightly extensile ; plumage uniform black, with 

 white head and white spotting on basal portion of quills. 



Xenopicus. (Page 286.) 



d*. Nasal groove running out on cutting-edge of upper mandible, about 



half-way to tip ; terminal portion of bill distinctly compressed. 



Tongue scarcely extensile Sphyrapicus. (Page 288.) 



5 2 . Only one hind-toe. 



Bill broad and much flattened Picoides. (Page 286.) 



a 2 . Outer hind-toe not longer than outer anterior toe. 



bh Head conspicuously crested; large (wing not less than 7.25 — usually 



much more) Ceophlceus. (Page 289.) 



V. Head not crested ; small or medium (wing less than 7.25 — usually much 

 less). 

 c l . Upper mandible with a distinct lateral ridge and nasal groove, the tip 

 more or less truncated ; plumage of lower parts without spots, the 

 under surface of quills and tail-feathers without yellow or red. 



Melanerpes. (Page 290.) 



&. Upper mandible without distinct lateral ridge or nasal groove, the tip 



scarcely or not at all truncated ; plumage of lower parts spotted 



with black ; under surface of quills and tail-feathers chiefly yellow 



or reddish, the shafts brighter yellow or red. 



Colaptes. (Page 295.) 



