GEOPHLCEUS. 289 



wing (male) 4.70-5.05 (4.88), tail 3.10-3.50 (3.28), culmen 1.00-1.08 

 (1.03). Eggs .94 X -66. Sab. Pacific coast district, south to Fort 

 Tejon, California, north to southern Alaska. 



403. S. ruber (Gmel.). Red-breasted Sapsucker. 

 a 2 . Kump plain white; belly bright sulphur-yellow or lemon-yellow (except in 

 young) ; sexes extremely dissimilar in plumage. 



Adult male: General color glossy black (with blue gloss, except on wings 

 and tail), relieved by two white stripes on side of head, a large white 

 patch covering middle and greater wing-coverts, and small white, spots 

 on quills ; throat with a median stripe of bright red. Young male : 

 Similar to adult, but black duller and everywhere without gloss, belly 

 whitish, or very faintly yellowish, and throat-stripe white. Adult 

 female: Head nearly uniform light brown, the throat sometimes (but 

 rarely) with a red stripe ; sides, flanks, and upper parts regularly barred 

 with black and white ; no white patch on wing-coverts ; chest usually 

 with more or less of a black patch. Young female: Similar to adult, but 

 markings less sharply defined, colors duller, the belly whitish, and chest 

 without black patch. Length 9.00-9.75, wing 5.25-5.50, tail 3.80-3.90, 

 culmen 1.00-1.20. Eggs .96 X -66. Sab. Western United States/from 

 (and including) Eocky Mountains to Pacific coast. 



404. S. thyroideus (Cass.). Williamson's Sapsucker. 



Genus CEOPHLCEUS Cabanis. (Page 280, pi. LXXXIV., fig. 2.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — General color dull brownish black, or dark sooty slate, 

 the under wing-coverts, throat, and one or more stripes on side of head (including 

 one down side of neck) whitish ; male with whole top of head, including occipi- 

 tal crest, and a broad malar stripe, bright red; female with only the crest red, the 

 forehead, crown, and malar stripe being brownish or dusky. 



a 1 . No white scapular stripe ; lower parts uniform dusky, the flanks usually indis- 

 tinctly barred with whitish ; wing 8.90, or more. 

 Adult male : Uniform dull dusky slate, varying to sooty blackish, the chin 

 and throat, two stripes on side of head, one on side of neck, under 

 wing-coverts, and basal half of quills, white, more or less, especially on 

 hidden portions, tinged with sulphur-yellow ; whole top of head, including 

 occipital crest, and a broad malar stripe, bright red. Adult female: Sim- 

 ilar to the male, but malar stripe, forehead, and crown brownish gray 

 or grayish brown. Length about 15.15-19.00, extent of wings 25.00- 

 29.25, wing 8.90-10.00, tail 6.60-7.40, culmen 2.10-2.65. Eggs 1.27 X -96. 

 .Haft. Whole of North America, in heavily-wooded districts. 



405. C. pileatus (Linn.). Pileated Woodpecker. 

 a'. A white scapular stripe ; lower parts, posterior to breast, barred with blackish 



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