ACANTHIS. 395 



black on forehead. Length about 6.50-7.25, wing 4.00-4.40 

 (4.15), tail 2.80-3.35 (3.09), culmen .40-.48 (.45), tarsus .70-.80 

 (.77). Sab. High mountains of Colorado in summer (10,000 

 feet and upwards) ; lower districts, and south to northern 

 Mexico, in winter. 



526. L. australis (Allen). Brown-capped Lencosticte. 

 b\ Nasal tufts black. 



Adult : Head blackish ; hind-neck light rusty ; general color of body 

 dark chocolate-brown ; otherwise, much like L. tephrocotis, and 

 allies, the size about the same. Sab. Northeastern Asia, from 

 Kamtschatka to northern Japan. 



L,. brunneinucha (Brandt). Japanese Leucosticte. 1 

 a". Sides of lower mandible without oblique ridge ; tail-feathers, primaries, second- 

 aries, primary coverts, and greater coverts light hoary gray or silvery 

 white, with darker shaft-streaks ; tail-coverts without rosy tips. (Sub- 

 genus Sypolia Bidgway. 2 ) 

 Adult : General color plain sepia-brown, paler, and sometimes more tawny, 

 on hind-neck, the tail, etc., silvery whitish, as described above ; length 

 about 6.00-6.50, wing 4.60, tail 3.15. Sab. Northeastern Asia (Siberia, 

 etc.) ; accidental on Aleutian Islands (?) 



L. arctoa (Bkandt). Silvery-winged Leucosticte. 3 



Genus ACANTHIS Bechstein. (Page 382, pi. CVIL, fig. 1.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Adult males : Above streaked with dusky upon a 

 brownish, grayish, or whitish ground, the rump sometimes immaculate white or 

 pinkish ; top of head bright red (except in A. brewsterii) ; wings and tail dusky, the 

 feathers edged with paler, the middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with whitish 

 or pale brownish ; superciliary region and lower parts chiefly whitish, but anterior 

 lower parts (except in A. brewsterii) more or less tinged with red, and sides usually 

 more or less streaked with dusky ; a more or less distinct dusky spot on chin and 

 upper part of throat (except in A. brewsterii). Adult females : Similar to the males, 

 but without any red on breast, etc., the crown, however, red as in male. Young : 

 No red whatever on crown or elsewhere ; whole head streaked with dusky and 

 grayish or brownish white, the latter color prevailing on under portions ; other- 

 wise much as in adult female, but plumage of much softer, more " woolly" tex- 

 ture and markings less sharply defined. {Note. — Both sexes have in summer a 



1 rringilla (Linaria) brunneinucha Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. Not. 1841, 35. Leucosticte brunneinucha 

 Caban., Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 154. 



2 Hypolia RiDGW., Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. No. 2, sec. ser. May 11, 1875, 67. Type, Passer 

 arctous Pall. 



3 Passer arctous, var. a, Pall., Zoog. Rosso-As. ii. 1826, 21. Leucosticte arctoa Bonap., Consp. i. 1850, 

 537. 



