396 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



blackish bill, the red of a brighter tint and the colors darker than in winter, during 

 which season the bill is yellow tipped with black, the lighter markings more pro- 

 nounced, and the plumage in general more or less strongly suffused with buffy or 

 light ochraceous-brown.) Nest a rather bulky structure composed of small twigs, 

 straws, etc., mixed with feathers, warmly lined with soft feathers, etc., placed in 

 bushes or small trees. Eggs 2-5, pale bluish green, speckled, chiefly round larger 

 end, with reddish brown, sometimes mixed with a few black specks or lines. 



a 1 . Adults with top of head (crown) bright red (usually crimson), and a dusky spot 

 covering chin and upper part of. throat ; plumage without sulphur-yellow 

 tinge in any part. 

 b\ Wing exceeding tail by less than length of tarsus ; rump plain white or 

 pinkish ; sides very narrowly or sparsely, or not at all, streaked ; under 

 tail-coverts with darker shaft-streaks narrow and indistinct, or some- 

 times altogether wanting; inner webs of tail-feathers very broadly 

 edged with white ; plumage in general very light, with whitish or light 

 grayish prevailing on upper parts, the lower parts almost entirely white ; 

 adult males with chest and sides of breast merely tinged with delicate 

 peach-blossom pink. 

 c 1 . Larger (length about 5.50-6.50), with proportionally thicker and less 

 acute bill. Male : "Wing 3.35-3.45 (3.37), tail 2.70-2.85 (2.75), ex- 

 posed culmen .32-.37 (.35), depth of bill at base .30-.32 (.31), tarsus 

 .62-.70 (.66), middle toe .32-.37 (.35). Female: "Wing 3.25-3.35 

 (3.31), tail 2.65-2.80 (2.74), exposed culmen .35-.38 (.36), depth of 

 bill at base .30-.32 (.31), tarsus .62-.68 (.64), middle toe .32-.37 (.35). 

 Sab. Northern Greenland (breeding from 69°-73° N. latitude) and 

 eastern Arctic America, south to Labrador in winter. 



527. A. hornemannii (Holb.). Greenland Redpoll. 

 c*. Smaller (length about 4.50-5.25), with proportionally smaller and more 

 acute bill. Male : "Wing 2.95-3.10 (3.02), tail 2.50-2.55 (2.52), ex- 

 posed culmen .30, depth of bill at base .22-25 (.23), tarsus .52-58 

 (.55), middle toe .30-32 (.30). Female : Wing 2.80-3.05 (2.87), tail 

 2.30-2.60 (2.46), exposed culmen .28-32 (.29), depth of bill at base 

 .20-25 (.22), tarsus .50-57 (.54), middle toe .28-30 (.29). Eggs .68 

 X -51. Hab. Circumpolar continental regions ; in Forth America, 

 south, in winter, rarely, to northern border of United States. 



527a. A. hornemannii exilipes (Cotjes). Hoary Redpoll. 

 b 2 . Wino- exceeding tail by more than length of tarsus ; rump distinctly 

 streaked; sides distinctly, often broadly and heavily, streaked with 

 dusky; under tail-coverts with very distinct dusky mesial streaks ; inner 

 webs of tail-feathers very slightly, if at all, edged with white ; plumage 

 in general darker, with darker markings prevailing on upper parts, the 

 lower parts never entirely white ; adult males with chest and sides of 

 breast deep madder-pink. 

 c 1 . Smaller (length 4.50-5.25), with proportionally longer and more acute 



