CALCARIUS. 405 



a white malar stripe, much widest posteriorly; hind-neck and entire 

 lower parts deep ochraceous-buff, the first streaked with dusky ; anterior 

 lesser wing-coverts deep black, posterior ones pure white, forming a con- 

 spicuous bar, widest above. Adult male in winter : Black of head entirely 

 replaced by streaked brownish, the throat and chest also more or less 

 streaked with dusky; otherwise much as in summer, but middle and 

 greater wing-coverts distinctly tipped with white. Adult female in sum- 

 mer : Much like winter male, but smaller, paler, and grayer, without deep 

 black or pure white on lesser wing-coverts ; in winter, similar, but more 

 buffy. Male : Length 6.40-6.50, wing 3.60-3.70. Female : Length about 

 5.50-6.00, wing 3.45-3.60. Eggs .83 X -59, similar to those of O. lapponi- 

 cus, but averaging lighter in color, the whitish, distinctly spotted style 

 prevailing. Sab. Interior of Arctic America (chiefly Mackenzie Eiver 

 Valley) in summer, breeding north to Arctic coast and upper Yukon 

 "Valley; south, in winter, over Great Plains and prairies to Illinois, 



Texas, etc 537. C. pictus (Swains.). Smith's Longspur. 



a 2 . Wing not more than 3.50 ; all the tail-feathers (except middle pair) with basal 

 portion of inner webs white (outer webs also, except two middle pairs). 

 Adult male in summer: Top of head, stripe behind eye, spot on lower part 

 of ear-coverts, chest, breast, and belly, black, the lower parts sometimes 

 touched with rufous or chestnut ; hind-neck deep rufous ; broad super- 

 ciliary stripe, chin, and throat white ; cheeks pale buff, this sometimes 

 overspreading lores, ear-coverts, chin, and upper throat; in full plumage, 

 the lesser wing-coverts deep black, with, posterior row pure white. 

 Adult male in winter : Black of head and lower parts more or less ob- 

 scured or even concealed by light brownish or dull buffy tips to the 

 feathers ; otherwise, essentially as in summer. Adult female : Above 

 light grayish buffy brown, streaked with dusky ; beneath pale grayish 

 buffy brown, or dull grayish buff, the breast and belly sometimes 

 streaked with darker ; under tail-coverts dull buffy whitish. (Plumage 

 softer and colors more blended in winter.) Young : Above dusky, the 

 feathers edged and margined with dull whitish and pale brownish 

 buff; wing-coverts tipped with dull whitish ; an indistinct streaked 

 whitish superciliary stripe ; ear-coverts streaked dusky and pale brown- 

 ish ; malar region, chin, and throat white, flecked, more or less, with 

 grayish dusky ; rest of lower parts dull grayish buff, streaked, especially 

 on breast, with dusky. Length 5.25-6.50, wing 3.20-3.50. Eggs .75 X 

 .56, dull white, pinkish white, buffy white, or greenish white, distinctly 

 speckled or spotted with various shades of brown and blackish. Sab. 

 Great Plains, north to the Saskatchewan ; south, in winter, to Texas, 

 New Mexico Arizona, and table-lands of Mexico. 



538. C. ornatus (Towns.). Chestnut-collared Longspur. 



