438 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



d 2 . Back without white streaks. (Adult males with general color 

 of upper parts dusky grayish brown, the outermost scapu- 

 lars with outer webs partly white, and both rows of wing- 

 coverts tipped with small white spots; only one or two outer 

 tail-feathers with white terminal spots, these very small — less 

 than .90 long.) 

 e\ Larger : Wing 3.30, tail 3.70, culmen .60, tarsus 1.15. Adult 

 male: Head, neck, and chest brownish black, becoming 

 dark grayish brown, indistinctly streaked with darker, on 

 top of head and hind-neck; back and scapulars umber- 

 brown, tinged with rusty, broadly, though rather indis- 

 tinctly, streaked with dusky. Sab. Southern Mexico 

 (Puebla). P. submaculatus Ridgw. Submaculated Towhee. 1 



e\ Smaller : Wing 2.60-2.80 (2.74), tail 3.00-3.15 (3.07), exposed 

 culmen .49-.53 (.50), tarsus .94-1.01 (.98). Adult male: 

 Head, neck, chest, and upper parts dark sooty grayish 

 brown. Adult female : Similar to the male, but browner. 

 Sab. Socorro Island, western Mexico. 



P. carmani Lawr. Socorro Towhee. 2 

 b'. Wings and tail olive-green. (Adult males with head, neck, and chest black, 

 breast and belly white, and sides rufous, as in P. erythrophthalmus 

 and allies ; females unknown.) 

 c 1 . Tail 4.50, or more ; top of head without rufous spot, and throat with- 

 out white patch. 

 d 1 . Back and scapulars streaked with blackish and pale yellow, the 

 outer webs of exterior scapulars almost wholly of this color ; 

 middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale yellow, form- 

 ing two distinct bands across wing; three outer tail-feathers 

 with terminal portion of inner web abruptly pale yellow or 

 yellowish white, the spot on outermost feather about 1.10 

 long; length about 8.75-9.00, wing 3.70-3.80, tail" 4.60, culmen 

 .70-.75, tarsus 1.15-1.25. Sab. Valley of Mexico. 



P. macronyx Swains. Swainson's Towhee. 8 

 d 1 . Back and scapulars plain olive-green ; wing-coverts without dis- 

 tinct yellowish tips, and whitish or light yellowish spots at 

 tips of outer tail-feathers not sharply defined; length about 

 8.00-8.50, tail 4.50, culmen .68, tarsus 1.15-1.25. Sab. South- 

 ern Mexico (Oaxaca). 



P. chlorosoma Baird. Green-backed Towhee.* 

 c*. Tail not more than 4.00 ; top of head with a rufous spot, and throat 

 with a white patch. 



1 Pipilo eulmaculatue Eidgw., Auk, iii. July, 1886, 332. 



2 Pipilo carmani Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. x. 1871, 7. 



3 Pipilo macronyx Swains., Philos. Mag. u. ». i. 1827, 434. 

 1 Pipilo chlorosoma Baird, Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 105. 



