456 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



male : Head, all round, dull vermilion-red, darker on crown, paler 

 on throat and upper chest. Immature male : Similar to adult, but 

 sides of head chiefly olive-green. (Adult female, unknown.) Length 

 about 6.00, wing 2.90-3.00, tail 2.70-2.90. Sab. Southern Mexico 

 (Temiscaltepec, Guanajuato, Valley of Mexico, etc.). 



P. erythrocephala (Swains.). Red-headed Tanager. 1 

 a*. Wing marked with two white, yellow, or pinkish bands across tips of middle 

 and greater coverts. 

 b 1 . Wing more than 3.50. 



c 1 . Exposed culmen not longer than middle toe, without claw ; back with- 

 out streaks. Adult male: Back, scapulars, wings, and tail black, 

 the wings with two broad yellow bands ; rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 and lower parts gamboge-yellow ; head and neck orange or red, 

 brightest on crown, where sometimes almost crimson. Adult fe- 

 male : Grayish olive-green above, the wing-bands dull light yellow, 

 or dull yellowish white ; lower parts pale grayish yellow, becoming 

 sulphur-yellow on under tail-coverts. Young: Essentially like 

 adult female, but paler beneath and more or less distinctly streaked 

 with grayish or dusky, both above and below. Length 6.75-7.75, 

 wing about 3.50-4.10, tail 3.20-3.55. Eggs .95 X -65, clear light 

 greenish blue or bluish green, finely and rather sparsely speckled, 

 chiefly on larger end, with clove-brown. Hab. Western United 

 States, north to British Columbia, east to edge of Great Plains, 

 south, in winter, to Guatemala. 



607. P. ludoviciana (Wils.). Louisiana Tanager. 

 c*. Exposed culmen longer than middle toe, without claw; back distinctly 

 streaked with dusky. Adult males with head, neck, and lower parts 

 red, back and scapulars dull brownish red or grayish, broadly 

 streaked with blackish ; wing-bands white or pale salmon-pink. 

 Adult females with red of males replaced by yellow below and olive- 

 greenish above. 

 d 1 . Eather smaller, with relatively much smaller bill ; red of adult 

 male much deeper — often intense Chinese-orange, or almost 

 orange-vermilion — the rump and ground-color of back reddish 

 brown or brownish red, and wing-bands usually distinctly pink- 

 ish. Adult female with yellow of lower parts and olive-green 

 of upper parts deeper. Length (skins) about 7.00-7.50, wing 

 3.60-3.90, tail 3.25-3.40, exposed culmen .60-.65, depth of bill at 

 base .33-.38. Hab. Southern Mexico (north to Jalapa, Mirador, 

 Temiscaltepec, etc.) and south to Chiriqui. 



P. bidentata Swains. Spotted-winged Tanager.' 

 d 1 . Eather larger, with relatively much larger bill ; red of adult male 



1 Spermagra erythrocephala SwAINS., Philoa. Mag. n. s. i. 1827, 487. Pyranga erythrocephala Bonap., 

 Rev. Zool. 1851, 178. 



2 Pyranga bidentata Swains., Philos. Mag. n. a. i. 1827, 438. 



