CISTOTHORUS. 555 



brighter (a burnt-umber tint) on rump and upper tail-coverts, the wings 

 and tail (often rump and back also) narrowly barred with dusky; outer 

 webs of quills spotted with dusky and pale brownish or brownish white ; 

 superciliary stripe and lower parts pale isabella brownish, varying to 

 dull light tawny, the belly, flanks, and under tail-coverts distinctly 

 barred with blackish and whitish. 

 c 1 . Paler, with rather shorter bill ; chin, throat, chest, and breast pale dull 

 isabella-color, sometimes inclining to dull brownish white anteri- 

 orly ; upper parts more rusty brown ; length 3.50^.12, wing 1.75- 

 2.00 (1.86), tail 1.15-1.40 (1.25), exposed culmen .38-.45 (.41), bill 

 from nostril .30-.32 (.30), tarsus .65-.75 (.68). Eggs .69 X -50. 

 Sab. Eastern North America, breeding from northern border of 

 United States northward, and wintering from about its southern 

 breeding limit southward. 



722. T. hiemalis Vieill. Winter Wren. 

 c 2 . Darker, with rather longer bill ; chin, throat, etc., deep isabella-color or 

 dull tawny ; upper parts darker, and less rusty, brown (almost a 

 clear bistre shade anteriorly); length 3.60—1.25, wing 1.80-1.90 

 (1.84), tail 1.20-1.35 (1.24), exposed culmen .40-.45 (.42), bill from 

 nostril .29-.35 (.31), tarsus ..65-.70 (.69). Eggs .60 X -48. Sab. 

 Pacific coast, breeding from southern coast ranges of California to 

 Sitka ; south, in winter, to western Mexico, east to eastern Oregon, 

 Nevada, etc. 



722a. T. hiemalis pacificus Baird. Western Winter Wren. 

 b 2 . Exposed culmen .55, or more ; in plumage very similar to T. hiemalis pacifi- 

 cus, but rather paler, especially on upper parts ; length about 4.25-4.50, 

 wing 2.05-2.15 (2.07), tail 1.30-1.50 (1.40), exposed culmen .55-.62 (.59), 

 bill from nostril .40-48 (.45), tarsus .70-80 (.75). Sab. Aleutian and 

 Prybilof Islands, Alaska.... 723. T. alascensis Baird. Alaskan Wren. 



Genus CISTOTHORUS Cabanis. (Page 540, pi. CXXL, figs. 6, 9.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Above brown, the back streaked with black and white, 

 the wings and tail more or less barred with blackish ; lower parts whitish or 

 buffy. Nest globular, with entrance in one side, attached to upright reeds, etc., 

 in marshes. 



a 1 . Bill much shorter than head, the culmen much shorter than middle toe, with- 

 out claw ; hind claw not longer than its toe ; lower parts buffy, or ochra- 

 ceous, more whitish on throat and belly ; eggs pure white, unspotted. 

 (Subgenus Cistothorus.') 

 b 1 . Upper tail-coverts dull brown, distinctly barred with dusky ; rump similar, 

 but more irregularly barred ; hind-neck plain brownish, or (rarely) with 

 very indistinct streaks ; flanks and under tail-coverts dull buffy ochra- 



