REQULUS. 567 



low, especially in winter. Young : Similar to adult, but wing-coverts tipped with 

 dull light greenish yellow, and lower parts more decidedly tinged with yellow. 

 Length about 4.75-5.50, wing 2.40-2.70, tail 1.80-2.00, exposed culmen .35-.40, tar- 

 sus .70-.80. Hab. Northeastern Asia, and western Alaska, north of the peninsula. 



747. P. borealis (Blas.). Kennicott's Willow Warbler. 



Genus REGULUS Cuvier. (Page 566, pi. CXXIV., figs. 3, 4.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Above plain olive-green or olive-grayish, brighter on 

 rump and edges of quills and tail-feathers, duller (sometimes grayish) anteriorly ; 

 middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with whitish, producing two narrow bands, 

 and tertials edged, more or less, with same ; secondaries with a broad basal bar of 

 whitish ; lower parts dull whitish, tinged, more or less, with olive or dull yellow- 

 ish ; crown usually orange, yellow, or red centrally. Young without black mark- 

 ings or bright colors on head, but otherwise like adults. Nest very bulky, usually 

 more or less pensile (but variable in this respect), attached to small twigs in lower 

 portion of spruce or other coniferous trees, composed of delicate plant-fibres, mosses, 

 and various felted materials, and lined with soft feathers. Eggs 5-10, whitish or 

 buffy, minutely freckled with brown (sometimes apparently immaculate). 



a 1 . Nostril hidden by a single plume-like feather ; adult with a black stripe on each 

 side of crown. (Subgenus Begulus.) 

 b 1 . Forehead whitish, dull buffy, or light brownish ; crown-patch in male rich 

 orange, bordered with yellow, wholly yellow in female. (Adult males : 

 Forehead soiled white, sometimes more brownish, the superciliary stripe 

 similar ; a dusky streak in front of eye, but this not reaching to bill ; a 

 dusky streak behind eye ; top of head black anteriorly and laterally, 

 this black with an internal border of yellow, enclosing a concealed 

 patch of rich cadmium-orange ; sides of neck and bind-neck grayish. 

 Adult females : Similar, but orange patch in centre of crown entirely 

 replaced by yellow. Young : Black head-markings obsolete, or very 

 faintly indicated, and bright crown-patch of adult wanting ; otherwise 

 much like adult. Length 3.15-4.55, wing 2.10-2.25, tail 1.60-2.00, ex- 

 posed culmen .25-.30, tarsus .70. JVest a b'all-like mass of green moss, 

 4.00, or more, in diameter, attached to extremity of branch of pine or 

 fir tree; lined with hair and soft feathers. Eggs 5-10, dull or buffy 

 white, finely and very faintly speckled or minutely freckled, chiefly 

 round larger end, with deeper buffy.) 

 c 1 . Colors duller and grayer. Eggs .52 X -41. Hab. Eastern and northern 

 North America, west to Eocky Mountains, breeding from extreme 

 northern and elevated portions of United States northward ; winter- 

 ing nearly throughout eastern United States, and south to Guate- 

 mala 748. R. satrapa Licht. Golden-crowned Kinglet. 



