13 



the cell, something like a sled runner. It does not adhere to the 

 cell-walls as does American foulbrood, and often can be removed 

 whole without breaking the skin, the contents sinking to the 

 bottom, giving it a sac-like appearance. The contents of the 

 diseased larvae have a granular, liquid appearance. 



Treatment 



Sacbrood seldom causes serious loss and usually disappears with- 

 out treatment when the honey-flow comes on. In bad cases it is 

 sometimes advisable to requeen with a vigorous young Italian 

 queen. Badly diseased combs may be placed above an excluder. 



ADULT DISEASES 



Isle of Wight Diseases 



The Isle of "Wight disease is caused by a mite {Acerapis woodi) 

 which enters the trachael or breathing tubes of the bee. This 

 disease has caused serious loss to beekeepers in Europe, but it is 

 not known to exist at the present time in the United States. 



Nosema Disease 



Nosema disease is caused by a protozoan parasite, Nosema apis, 

 which is found in the alimentary tract of the bee. The stomach 

 of an infected bee become somewhat swollen and takes on a 

 whitish color. Some bees may become weakened and die as a result 

 of the disease. Nosema is widely distributed over the United 

 States but it seldom causes any serious loss. 



Paralysis 



Paralysis is the name usually given to a peculiar sickness of 

 adult bees as a result of which they die off in large numbers. The 

 abdomen is often swollen and has a greasy appearance. The badly 

 affected bees have a shaky, trembling motion and are unable to 

 fly. Little is known of the cau.se or treatment of this disease. 



Dysentery 



Dysentery is a digestive disturbance of bees which results from 

 poor stores and long winter confinement. In serious cases the 

 inside of the hive and the entrance become spotted and great 

 numbers of bees die. The condition usually disappears if the bees 

 get a good flight. The best safeguard against dysentery is good 

 winter stores and adequate winter protection. 



NOTES 



Never feed honey from an unknown source. It may be diseased. 

 Sugar sirup is safer. 



