14 



Do not exchange frames from one colony to another if you have 

 any disease in your apiary. 



Never expose honey in your apiary, as it may cause robbing.. 



When bees have their first flight in the spring, reduce the size 

 of the entrances of all weak colonies. If any colonies are dead, 

 carefully close the entrances and carry them to the basement or 

 into a bee-tight house. A diseased colony may die during the 

 winter and be robbed out in early spring, thus infecting your 

 entire apiary. 



Diseased honey may be made safe for bees by adding an equal 

 amount of water and boiling in a closed vessel for at least one-half 

 hour. Do not use a double boiler. 



Do not purchase colonies of bees unless you are certain that 

 they are free from disease. 



It is not safe to buy bees on combs. Combless packages are 

 safer. 



It is not safe to purchase old combs, second-hand hives and 

 equipment, or second-hand honey cans. Disease germs will live 

 in such combs and equipment for years. 



It is not safe to attempt to disinfect combs and equipment by 

 the use of new methods or solutions which have not been thoroughly 

 tried out by careful investigators and found to be effective. 



After handling a diseased colony, clean your hands, hive tools 

 and any other implements used, washing them with soap and 

 water. 



Do not use a solar wax-extractor if there is disease in your 

 apiary. 



Never winter a diseased colony. It may die during the winter 

 and be robbed out, or bees may drift into other hives carrying the 

 disease with them. 



Do not permit diseased colonies to remain in your apiary. Slow 

 robbing may be going on most any time without your knowledge. 



Every beekeeper should inspect his colonies several times each 

 season, keeping a careful watch for the appearance of disease. 



In case of doubt as to the kind of disease present send samples 

 of brood to the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau 

 of Entomology, Bee Culture, Washington, D. C. 



The spores of American foulbrood will remain alive in boiling 

 water for 10 minutes. 



The spores of American foulbrood will remain alive in honey 

 for years. 



Spores of American foulbrood will remain alive in honey or 

 diluted honey at 212 degrees Fahrenheit for one-half hour or 

 more. 



Spores of American foulbrood will remain alive in old comb 

 and equipment for years. 



Spores of American foulbrood will resist ordinary disinfectants 

 such as 10 per cent formalin, 1-1000 mercuric chlorid or 5 per cent 

 carbolic acid for hours or even months. 



There is no conclusive evidence that drugs fed to bees are of 

 any value in the treatment of American foulbrood. 



