26 



place. On plates containing one drop on blotting paper there was abundant 

 growth in twenty-four houis. 



(c) Eucalyptus agar was made by using a teaspoonful (4 c.c.) of tincture 

 of eucalyptus to a litre of agar. Six plates were made with eucalyptus agar, 

 each plate inoculated with spores, with the result that the growth on the 

 medicated agar was only slightly less that that on the control agar. The 

 medicated agar smelt slightly, but characteristically of eucalyptus oil. 



A Queensland (Australia) correspondent of the British Bee Journal (71) 

 is of the opinion that no foul brood exists among bees in that country. The 

 reason of this is that the honey that goes into the combs is. largely gathered 

 from the eucalyptus, the medicinal qualities of which combat foulness in all 

 forms. This statement, however, is not reliable, inasmuch as foul brood is 

 known to be prevalent in Queensland. 



(9) Napthol Beta. Napthol Beta was first used as a remedy by Lortet 

 (72). The treatment is as follows : 



The drug is administered in the food, in the proportion of one-third of a 

 gram to a litre. This one third of a gram is at first dissolved in a little 

 alcohol, as it is extremely insoluble in water. Afternraids it is mixed ia, a 

 litre of water, and this liquid is used for making the syrup. In England the 

 usage is to dissolve the napthol in the sugar, the proportion being about forty 

 to fifty centigrammes to a kilo of sugar. It is, however, better to dissolve it 

 in alcohol, Lortet thinks that external treatment by means of fumigation or 

 spraying is helpful, as these methods contribute largely to the disinfection of 

 hives, comb, etc ; but as he believes that it -is always the digestive canal of 

 the nurse bee which is infected and that it is by the act of feeding that the 

 adult bee infects the digestive canal of the larvae, therefore all efforts should 

 be directed to the digestive canal of the worker bees, and the treatment 

 ought to be internal ard as energetic as possible. He states that when 

 administered in the proportion of 0.33 gram per 1,000 of liquid it prevents 

 all fermentation and decomposition and other changes caused by microbes. 

 He further maintains that in addition to the use of this preparation firat-rate 

 hygienic conditions are necessary in order to give the bfes vitality and 

 recuperative power, which play an important part in enabling living organ- 

 isms to resist the inroads of virulent microbes. 



McKenzie found that (28) a beef broth containing one per thousand of 

 B. Napthol prevented spores of B, alvei from germinating, and consequently 

 had an equal value with one per five hundred of carbolic acid. 



This remedy has been widely used and with considerable success. 



Experiments on the antiseptic value of Napthol Beta. Napthol Beta agar 

 was made in our laboratory the same strength as that recommended by Lortet 

 for feeding, that is 0. 33 gram B. Napthol to one litre of agar. Eight tests 

 were made in Petri dishes, inoculated with spores of B. alvei, and in no case 

 did gro-wth result ; from which we learn that a dilution of one-third of the 

 solution used by McKenzie completely inhibited growth. Napthol Beta agar 

 containing 0.165 gram of the drug to a litre of agar was also tried, and the 

 result of a number of tests was that some growth took place on the medicated 

 plates and abundant growth on the control plates. 



From these experiments, also those of Lortet and McKenzie, it will be 

 seen that Napthol Beta has a strong antiseptic action. 



(10) Naphthaline. This substance is regarded as a preventive rather 

 than as a curative, although there are cases known in which it has effected a 

 cure of diseased hives. A small quantity of the drug is placed on the floor 

 board of the hive, a crystal about 2 c m. in diameter as far from the entrance 



