increased next year as European Foul Brood is spreading very rapidly. 

 Last year (1909) it covered about 100 square miles. At the present date 

 it covers 400 square miles, besides an outbreak in Prince Edward County, 

 also in Hastings County near Ivanhoe." 



Symptoms of European Foul Brood. 



The symptoms are easily distinguished from those of American Foul 



Brood, a^ there is very little ropiness, and the odor is different. The 



larvae mostly die without uncoiling from their natural positions. The 

 color in the earlier stage is lighter than in the American Foul Brood. 



The odor is very pronounced and offensive, like decayed fish; in fact, 



on a warm moist morning it is noticed on entering the apiary, and, 

 when a diseased comb is held up for inspection, is almost sickening. 



Use Same Treatment and Italianize. 



The same treatment already described for American Foul Brood is 

 effectual if applied to the whole apiary at once, even though only a few 

 colonies show symptoms. Even then the cure is only permanent when 

 pure-bred Italian queens are introduced to the affected colonies. It is 

 quite impossible to cure an apiary of black bees Qi European Foul Brood 

 without introducing pure Italian queens to all colonies. 



We know of no reason why this plague should not sweep over On- 

 tario as it has over most of the United States. If it does, all apiaries of 

 black bees will be practically destroyed within the next few years. Its 

 progress in the districts mentioned above has been appalling. No Gov- 

 ernment expenditure can touch the situation without the co-operation of 

 the men themselves whose property is in danger. There is a remedy, 

 however, right at hand. Pure-bred leather-colored Italian bees are al- 

 most immune to^this disease, which works so much havoc among the 

 common blacks. 



It is very important, then, that all apiaries, especially in or near in- 

 fected neighborhoods, should be Italianised at once, without waiting for 

 a destructive outbreak of disease. 



STARVED OR PICKLED BROOD. 



A disease slightly resembling Foul Brood is called by some "Starved 

 Brood," and by others "Pickled Brood." The most positive difference 

 in the diagnosis of this disease is the absence of ropiness and of the 

 glue-pot smell, which are always found in American Foul Brood. In 

 Pickled Brood the larva decays from the inside, leaving the skin tough 

 and in its natural shape; in European Foul Brood or American Foul 

 Brood, the skin of the larva softens as the contents become glutinous, and 

 all the natural wrinkles become smooth as the mass settles to the lower 



