frames are lifted from the diseased colony and the bees brushed 

 onto the paper or cloth. 



The bees from the first frame will be badly confused and a little 

 attention may be needed to get them started toward the entrance to the 

 new hive. If the entrance has been located, the bees from the other 

 frames will start immediately to the entrance. Ttie process is facil- 

 itated if the frame containing the queen can be among the first ones 

 brushed. It does not pay, however, to spend any particular time 

 looking for the queen. The entire brushing must be done with 

 reasonable haste, but so as to cause as little confusion as possible. 

 After a comb is freed from bees it should be placed in a sack. After 

 all of the combs have been brushed the bees which are still in the 

 hive body and on the bottom board, can be dumped in front of the 

 entrance to the new hive. 



The combs may then be replaced in the hive body or left in the 

 sack, depending on what disposal is made of this contaminated 

 material. However, the old hive and its contents must be promptly 

 removed from the yard. As soon as the bees going into the clean 

 hive are off the paper or cloth on to which they have been brushed, 

 this material should be picked up and burned Immediately, not in the 

 yard, but in a place far removed from access by bees. It is not safe 

 to burn any material in a furnace because the honey simply runs 

 down on the ashes without any of the diseased spores which it con- 

 tains being rendered inactive. Then when the ashes later are thrown 

 out the bees will seek this infected honey. 



The proper disposal of the contaminated material demands some 

 sacrifice on the part of the beekeeper. It is undoubtedly cheapest in 

 the long run to burn the frames with their contents. For this pur- 

 pose, the destruction by the pit method as described previously 

 is probably the best. In this way the chief source of contamination 

 is eliminated in such manner that it is not likely to reappear. The 

 contaminated material must be disposed of immediately after the 

 bees have been shaken. The practice of taking hive bodies and 

 their contents to a bee-tight room has proven wholly ineffective in 

 controlling the disease. The reason for this is that the normal 

 bee-tight room is sooner or later made accessible for bees which 

 hastily rob the contaminated honey and take it to their hives. 



If several colonies are to be treated at one time, it may be desir- 

 able to shake a portion of the colonies and stack the brood chambers 

 on two colonies in order to save the brood which will continue to 

 emerge. These two hospital colon'es must be carefully attended be- 

 cause their forces will be spread out in an effort to care for the im- 

 mense increase in brood. Under these conditions the colony is subject 

 to the attacks of robbers so that it is probably advisable to reduce the 

 entrance to a space which will permit only one or two bees to enter 

 at a time. These nursery colonies are then given the shake treatment 

 in 21 days. The use of nursery colonies is suggested only for the bee- 

 keeper who is thoroly familiar with disease treatment, for they re- 

 quire very struct attention and if neglected in any manner will spread 

 disease faster than the beekeeper can check it. When shaking the 

 nursery colony it will be necessary to place in the clean brood cham- 

 ber all of the frames with foundation, as the population will be so 

 great that a few frames will not serve to accommodate all the bees. 



Bees shaken onto foundation must immediately build comb in 

 which the queen can lay eggs, and in which honey can be stored. 

 The honey which they have brought over from the old hive is soon 

 digested and converted into comb-building material. It is this pro- 

 cess which apparently destroys the disease germ. If the shaking 



