100 , SWINE PRACTICE 



duodenum and resulted in death. Lipomas appear as more or less 

 nodular masses, and are invariably incapsulated. 



Of the malignant tumors, carcinoma and adenoma have been ob- 

 served, although they too are rather infrequent and do not appear 

 to be so injurious to the health of swine as the same kinds of tumors 

 are to horses or even to cattle. Carcinomas may develop in the sub- 

 mucosa and project into the lumen of the intestine as a cauliflower- 

 like mass, or they may develop in the mucosa, producing erosions not 

 only of the mucous membrane, but of the other structures of the 

 stomach wall, ultimately causing perforation and fatal peritonitis. 

 These tumors are not incapsulated. 



The symptoms evolved as a result of tumors are quite variable 

 and not sufficiently characteristic to permit a positive antemortem 

 diagnosis. 



The treatment of gastric tum.ors is entirely surgical. 



PARASITES 



Arduenna strongylina is a very common parasite in the stomach of 

 swine. In the central United States it is probable that at least 

 ninety per cent of swine are infested. They are small -thread- like, 

 white worms, varying in length from three-fourths of an inch to one 

 and one-half inches, usually more or less coiled, although they may 

 be found practically straight. They may be found in masses in the 

 submueosa, free upon the mucous membrane, extending into the 

 gastric glands, or even perforating the mucous membrane. They 

 injure their host by direct abstraction of nutriment, by obstruction 

 of gastric glands, by destruction of tissue, and by irritation. The 

 usual condition resulting from infestation with these parasites is 

 chronic gastric catarrh. 



Symptoms. — Symptomatically the infestion with large numbers of 

 the Arduenna strongylina is evidenced by variation of appetite, and 

 usually by constipation, unthriftiness, and rough coat. It is doubt- 

 ful if any symptoms would be sufficiently prominent upon which to 

 base a diagnosis in cases in which the infestation is limited to a few 

 worms. 



Treatment. — Treatment of gastric parasitism is not difficult pro- 

 viding the parasites are free upon the surface, but successful treat- 

 ment is difficult in cases where the parasites have passed through 

 the mucous membrane into the submueosa. The usual anthelmintic 



