150 SWJNE PRACTICE 



the nasal cavity thus becoming larger. It is not unusual to find 

 desiccated discharge adhering to the mucosa. In either the hyper- 

 trophic or atrophic forms of chronic catarrhal rhinitis there may 

 be ulceration of the mucous membrane. When such ulcers occur 

 they usually involve only the mucous membrane. 



Symptoms. — Sneezing frequently repeated is usually the first 

 symptom evidenced in catarrhal rhinitis. Within a few hours after 

 the onset the affected animal appears dull or sluggish and there 

 is a discharge from the nose of a serous, mucous, seromucous, 

 purulent or mucopurulent substance, the character of the discharge 

 depending upon the stag'e of the disease. There may be some rise 

 of temperature and if there is much swelling of the nasal mucous 

 membranes, breathing will be labored. Congestion of the conjunc- 

 tival mucosa is frequently an associated condition. 



Treatment. — Remove the cause and if the condition has not per- 

 sisted until it has become chronic there will be a speedy recovery. 

 Dusty pens should be sprinkled, old straw piles burned and manure 

 heaps removed. The swine should be provided with clean pens or 

 preferably pastures, when the weather will permit. Hog houses 

 should be properly ventilated. Slop feeds are preferable. Dusty 

 feeds should be eliminated. 



Medicinal treatment is not easily applicable for the relief of porcine 

 catarrhal rhinitis. General digestive tonics may be of some value. 

 Animals affected with advanced stages of the chronic form of this 

 disease had best be put into a marketable condition, if possible, and 

 sold for slaughter. 



INFECTIOUS NASAL CATARRH (MALIGNANT CATARRH ) 



An infectious nasal catarrh of swine occurs enzootically in some 

 foreign countries and a similar clinical affection occurs in some 

 sections of the United States. This disease is usually confined to 

 pigs less than six months of age. 



Etiology. — In 1906, the Bacillus pyocyaneus was identified by 

 Koske as the causative factor, although the infectious nature of the 

 disease was recognized as early as 1890. The Bacillus pyocyaneus 

 is found in manure heaps and mulched soils; it gains entrance to 

 the nose while the swine are rooting and is readily transmitted from 

 a diseased to a healthy animal by means of the nasal discharges. 



Lesions. — This disease is characterized by an intense inflammation 



