DISEASES OP RESPIRATORY ORGANS 161 



more frothy than that coming from the large bronchi and the trachea. 

 In seconaary pulmonary hemorrhage the lesions of the primary dis- 

 ease will also be evident. 



Symptoms. — If the extravasate is limited in quantity it may be 

 absorbed and no visible symptoms become evident. Escape of frothy 

 blood from the nose and mouth characterizes hemoptysis. In cases 

 where there are large quantities of blood escaping there will be 

 more or less bronchial obstruction and consequently difficult breath- 

 ing, and the animal may become weak from loss of blood. The 

 condition may terminate fatally or the affected animal, in those cases 

 where the hemorrhage is limited, may recover. 



Treatment. — Keep the affected animals cool, and where they will 

 be least excited. 



PNEUMONIA 



Inflammation of the lung is not of common occurrence in swine 

 as a primary condition but it is frequently associated with some 

 other disease. 



Practically all types of pneumonia based upon pathologic classi- 

 fication occur in swine. The following types will be described : 

 catarrhal, croupous, purulent, and gangrenous. 



Catarrhal Pneumonia 



Catarrhal pneumonia is a lobular involvement characterized by 

 occlusion of the air cells, with exudate and desquamated epithelium. 



Etiology. — Catarrhal pneumonia is practically always a sequel of 

 bronchitis and is therefore produced by the same causative factors. 

 Bacillus pyocyaneus may cause catarrhal pneumonia. Catarrhal pneu- 

 monia is one of the characteristic lesions of swine plague due to the 

 Bacterium suisepticus. (Description will be found in Chapter VIII.) 

 Bronchopneumonia is occasionally secondary to other diseases, such 

 as hog cholera or septicemia. 



Lesions. — The inflammatory process is confined to a lobule or a 

 group of lobules. As the disease progresses, other adjacent lobules 

 may become involved, the affected areas thus becoming confluent 

 and larger. In the beginning the affected areas are hyperemic. The 

 alveoli soon become filled with inflammatory exudate which is at 

 first fluid but later coagulates and becomes dry, the diseased lobules 

 thus becoming solid. These areas are first red in color, but early 

 become brown, gray, then yellow or yellowish-white, and if the eon- 



