URO-GENITAL SYSTEM 181 



Lesions. — Retention of urine and catarrhal inflammation are 

 usually evident. The calcular deposits may be very small and diffi- 

 cult to detect or they may be quite large, one having been observed 

 that practically filled the renal pelvis. The calculi may be variable 

 in shape, color, and consistency, depending upon their composition, 

 and are composed of magnesium or calcium phosphates, urates, or 

 carbonates. 



Sym/ptoms. — Cloudy urine, particularly when the last discharge 

 contains quantities of brownish deposit, will be observed if the cal- 

 culi are passing out. The animals will have colicky pains, the loins 

 will be sensitive, and the animals will stand with arched back. If 

 the calculi are small and remain in the ;kidn€y there may be no evi- 

 dent symptoms. 



Treatment. — If the patient is in good condition it will be most 

 economical to sell it for slaughter. Very little can be done toward 

 the actual solution of the formed calculi. 



CONGESTION 



Congestion of the kidneys is common in swine fed on putrid or 

 fermented foods. It may occur as a result of undue exposure, to 

 cold experienced in shipping, or it may be due to injury. The con- 

 dition is associated with erysipelas, hog cholera, and some forms 

 of pneumonia. 



Etiology. — Chemical poison obtained in food, by-products of in- 

 fection, or destructive metabolism cause renal congestion. Exposure 

 and injury may also produce this condition. 



Symptoms. — Stiffness and a stilty gait due to hypersensitiveness of 

 the loins usually accompany congestion. There is also frequent uri- 

 nation in which an excessive quantity of urine is voided. 



Treatment. — Remove the cause, give good food, and provide sani- 

 tary surroundings. Alkaline diuretics may be of value, and laxa- 

 tives may also be used to advantage. 



NEPHRITIS 



It is not possible with the present available knowledge to classi- 

 tf the inflammatory disturbances of the kidney in a satisfactory 

 manner. The principal knowledge of porcine nephritis has been 

 obtained from investigation by veterinarians in food-inspection 

 service. The condition is rarely recognized clinically, or at least 



