192 SWINE PRACTICE 



such animals urinating- frequently. Vestiges of the urachus may be 

 retained, and these may become cystic. 



HEMORRHAGE 



Hemorrhages into the bladder sometimes occur in swine. They 

 are caused by injuries which may be inflicted by calculi and from 

 disease of the mucosa. They may also be caused by drugs, such as 

 cantharides and turpentine, obtained accidentally in large quanti- 

 ties. This condition is frequently associated with such diseases as 

 hog cholera. 



Lesions. — The primary lesions observed depend upon the cause of 

 hematuria. There may be cystic calculi, injuries of various kinds, 

 infection, and lesions elsewhere in the body. The extravasated blood 

 will be accumulated in the bladder and may or may not be coagu- 

 lated, and the entire bladder content will be colored red with hema- 

 globin liberated from the disintegrated red blood cells. 



Symptoms. — Hematuria is evidenced by bloody urine in which the 

 entire urine is uniformly red. It is distinguished from renal hemor- 

 rhage by the absence of tube casts, and from urethral hemorrhage 

 by the fact that in urethral hemorrhage only the first urine voided 

 is red. 



Treatment. — The exact cause should be identified and removed. 

 Urinary sedatives may also be of value. 



DILATATION 



Cystic dilatation is sometimes occasioned by urethral obstruction 

 or spasms of the muscles in the neck of the bladder. The urine con- 

 tinues to be produced in the kidney and accumulates in the bladder 

 until its capacity may be far in excess of the normal. 



Lesions. — The characteristic lesion of dilatation consists of dis- 

 tention of the bladder and attenuation of its walls. In fatal cases 

 the bladder ruptures and urine and uriniferous odor are detected 

 when the abdomen is opened, and the rent in the bladder wall will 

 also be evident. 



Symptoms. — Distress, anuria, frequent attempts at urination, and 

 possibly some enlargement of the abdomen characterize distended 

 bladder. In distention succeeded by rupture the foregoing symp- 

 toms would be succeeded by stupor, vertigo, emesis, inappetence, 

 diarrhea, clonic muscular spasms, convulsions, and death. 



