194 SWINE PRACTICE 



If the calculi are causing such disturbance that marked symptoms 

 are evident, operative procedure is indicated, providing the value 

 of the animal is sufficient to justify it. 



CYSTITIS 



Inflammation of the bladder may be catarrhal or purulent. Neither 

 type has been extensively investigated by the clinician, therefore the 

 present knowledge concerning them has been obtained by veterin- 

 arians at abattoirs. 



Catarrhal Cystitis 



Catarrhal cystitis is not uncommon. In many instances the con- 

 dition is associated with cystic calculi, but it may also be caused by 

 infection. Occasionally several cases of catarrhal cystitis may oc- 

 cur simultaneously or successively in the same herd, and on obtain- 

 ing the history it is found that the affected swine have been fed food 

 stuff containing some urinary irritant or they have obtained quanti- 

 ties of turpentine or eantharides. Eetention and fermentation of 

 the urine predispose to inflammation of the cystic mucosa becaus3 

 of the liberation of ammonia. 



Lesions. — Catarrhal cystitis is characterized by the following 

 sequential lesions of the mucosa: hyperemia, tumefaction, and coat- 

 ing of the surface with tenacious mucus, desquamated epithelia, and 

 pus cells. Later there is desquamation of the surface epithelium, 

 leaving a denuded granulating surface. 



Symptoms. — Frequent attempts at urination in which sniall 

 quantities of a turbid urine are eliminated are symptoms of catarrhal 

 cystitis. There may be a straddling gait. 



Treatment. — Remove the cause. The bladder in females may be 

 cleansed by a weak solution of corrosive sublimate or creolin, and 

 urinary sedatives should be administered. Internal treatment is 

 practically all that can be given in male animals affected with 

 cystitis. 



Purulent Cystitis 



Purulent cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder ac- 

 companied by the formation of pus. This condition is not so com- 

 mon in swine as catarrhal cystitis. Predisposing causes mentioned 

 in catarrhal cystitis are also operative in purulent cystitis. The 

 exciting cause is most frequently the Bacillus coli communis, al- 



