242 SWINE PRACTICE 



Sunbnrning is a type of dermatitis characterized by erythema, 

 tumefaction, and desquamation of the superficial layers of the epi- 

 dermis. In long-continued cases the skin becomes thickened, due 

 to the formation of fibrous tissues. Swine affected with dermatitis 

 do not thrive, and they evidence a harsh skin and bristly coat. 



Treatment. — The treatment of these cases is simple, as about all 

 that is required is to shield the animals from the direct light of the 

 sun. Should the inflammatory process be well marked, cooling anti- 

 septic solutions may be applied. 



FREEZING 



Pigs farrowed in midwinter in the northern portion of the tem- 

 perate zone, where not properly housed, are frequently frozen. The 

 ears and tail are most affected because of the large surface exposure 

 and- distal location where the circulation is diminished. In some 

 instances the tissues are destroyed by the low temperature, and slough, 

 while in other eases the ears or tail, or both, are frosted only and 

 an inflammatory reaction is established resulting in an engorgement 

 and tumefaction of the part. Later the skin desquamates and the 

 parts are tender when palpated. 



Transportation of market hogs in open stock cars during very cold 

 weather is responsible for the freezing of the surface skin. The skin 

 sometimes evidences the lesions in strips corresponding to the open- 

 ings between the boards on the car. The lesions are similar to those 

 described in small pigs. 



Treatment. — This consists of protection aga:inst further freezing 

 and the local application of' protectant dressings, as in ordinary 

 wounds. 



HEMORRHAGE 



Cutaneous hemorrhage in which the extravasate is retained in the 

 skin is relatively common but is practically always associated with 

 specific diseases, seldom occtirring as simple cutaneous hemorrhage. 



URTICARIA 



Urticaria is a skin disease characterized by the formation of pru- 

 ritic wheals. It is not common in swine and when occurring is 

 usually found in young pigs. 



Etiology. — Urticaria is of systemic origin. It is usually associated 



