INFECTIOUS DISEASES 329 



before death. The lesion in the beginning consists of a tumefaction in 

 the sub-maxillary or pharyngeal region. The extent of the tumefac- 

 tion varies. In some cases the swelling may be so extensive that the 

 eyes are closed, the ear pendulous and the entire head distorted. 



The characteristic lesions of generalized anthrax are: The blood 

 appears like tar and does not coagulate readily. Hemorrhages of 

 varying size occur in practically all tissues. The lymph-glands are 

 tumefied and edematous. The spleen is enlarged and the splenic pulp 

 soft. All of the foregoing lesions vary according to the length of 

 duration of the disease. 



The local lesion of anthrax in swine is usually located in the 

 pharyngeal region and consists of a marked serous inflammation with 

 infiltration of quantities of serogelatinous exudate, causing extensive 

 tumefaction. The mucosa of the pharynx, larynx and sometimes the 

 trachea, mouth and nares show marked inflammatory changes. 



Symptoms. — Swelling in the submaxillary or pharyngeal region is 

 usually the first symptom evidenced. The affected swine are dull and 

 listless. The appetite is usually normal in the beginning. The ocular 

 mucosa is congested. As the disease progresses deglutition becomes 

 difficult and there may be difficulty in breathing. In some cases 

 the animals will sit on their haunches and gasp and may die of 

 suffocation. 



This disease runs a rapid course, the affected animals rarely living 

 over 24 hours after the first symptoms appear. 



Treatment. — Anthrax in swine usually occurs in animals that have 

 been fed carcasses of animals dead of anthrax or waste from packing 

 houses oj. tanneries and therefore can be prevented by prohibiting 

 food from those sources. The treatment of affected animals with anti- 

 anthrax serum has proved of value in other animals and is worthy of 

 trial in swine. Exposed animals should be immunized by the anti- 

 anthrax serum. Carcasses of swine dead of anthrax should be burned 

 and the premises cleaned and disinfected. 



Tuberculosis 



Tuberculosis is a specific infective disease caused by the tubercle 

 bacillus and characterized by the formation of tubercles. 



History. — Tuberculosis has been recognized from the remotest time 

 in the history of man as a prevalent disease of mankind. In 1689 the 

 tubercle was identified by Morton as the typical lesion of tuberculosis. 

 Various investigators have given additional knowledge on the subject 



