CHAPTER XIII 

 SURGERY AND OBSTETRICS 



Castration Puberty 



Scrotal hernia Estrum 



Spaying Gestation period 



Removal of mammae Pecal membranes 



Removal of swirls Parturition 



Dystocia 

 Cesarean section 

 Hysterotomy 

 Hysterectomy 

 Accidents of pregnancy. 



Castration of the Boar 



The castration of animals is an ancient practice. This operation 

 in swine is done for economic reasons, the meat of the boar or a stag 

 having a disagreeable odor and in some instances is not palatable. The 

 castration of swine has in general been done by the hog raiser, but 

 the. high prices of these animals have been a stimulus to have all such 

 operations done by a competent veterinarian. Although this opera- 

 tion in swine is usually not serious, care should be exercised by the 

 surgeon and the operation aseptically and skilfully done, in order that 

 good results be obtained ; otherwise, he will not be emploj^ed to do this 

 class of work. 



AGE FOR CASTRATION 



The exact age that swine should attain before this operation is per- 

 formed will depend upon surrounding conditions. Generally speak- 

 ing, swine should be castrated relatively young. It is not advisable to 

 castrate pigs during stormy weather, in early spring, winter or fall, 

 vnkss they can be placed in clean quarters and properly housed. 

 Neither should this operation be performed on pigs that are in muddy, 

 filthy pens. As in other animals swine should not be castrated if they 

 are affected with some disease or have been exposed to infection. It 

 is usually advisable to place the pigs in a clean pen, giving them a 



