ABDOMINAL VISCEEA. 331 



8. The bladder is a thin-walled sac at the posterior end of 



the abdomen, just in front of the pubic symphysis. 



Ttirn the alimentary canal over to the right side, loithout 

 cutting or tearing anything, to expose the following parts. 



9. The spleen is an elongated dark-red body lying behind 



the stomach, and attached to its left or cardiac end, 



10. The kidneys are a pair of compact ovoid bodies attached 



to the dorsal wall of the abdomen ; the right one 

 being immediately behind the liver, and the left one 

 about an inch and a half further back. In front of 

 each kidney is a small round yellow adrenal body. 



11. The diaphragm is a muscular partition forming the 



anterior wall of the abdomen, and separating it from 

 the thorax. To see it the liver should be pressed 

 back, 



12. The peritoneum is a glistening membrane which lines 



the abdominal cavity. The mesentery is a double 

 layer of peritoneum, reflected from the dorsal wall 

 of the abdomen, which at its margin supports and 

 encloses the alimentary canal : between its two layers 

 blood-vessels, lymphatics, and nerves pass to and 

 from the various organs. The omentum is a special 



Fig. 62. — Lepus cuniculus. Diagrammatic view from the left side. The 

 liead and vertebral column are represented in longitudinal section ; 

 the lungs, the left half of the liver, the stomach, the greater part of 

 the intestine, and the brain and spinal cord have been removed, and 

 the loop of the duodenum spread out. (a. m. m.) 



A, tongue. AMT, anus. B, blaciaer. BO, basi-oocipital. BS, basi- 

 splieuoid. C, liTcr. CA, cai-otid artery. D, diaphi-agm. DA, aorta. E, 

 duodenum. ET, ethmo-turbinal. BU, aperture of Eustachian tube. E, pan- 

 creas. . PF, floooular fossa. Gr, gallbladder. H, bile-duct. HV, opening of 

 hepatic vein into posterior vena cava. I'V, posterior vena cava. J, organ of 

 Jacobson. JV, left external jugular vein. K, kidney turned up. L, larynx, 

 bisected. LA, left auricle. L&, sublingual gland. LV, left ventricle. Ii7, 

 seventh lumbar vertebra. M, manubrium of the sternum, with the sternal por- 

 tion of tl]e first rib. MA, anterior mesenteric artery. MGr, submaxillary 

 gland. MT, maxillo-turbinal. JV, posterior nasal chamber. O, optic foramen. 

 P, hard palate. PA, spermatic artery. PD, pancreatic duct. PGr, perinseal 

 gland. PIf, penis. PS, pre-sphenoid. PV, portal vein. Q,, oesophagus. 

 K, hinder part of the rectum. KGr, rectal gland. S, uterus masculinus. S A, 

 left subclavian artery. SB, suprarenal body, displaced. 8V, left anterior 

 vena. cava. TIT, right tonsil. TE, trachea. T 1, first thoracic vertebra. 

 T 13, twelfth thoracic vertebra. TT, ureter. V, testis. "W, epididymis. X 

 vas deferens. Y, prostate. Z, pelvic symphysis. 



