ANATOMY OF THE FOOT. 219 



To illustrate these fundamental points, cuts are here in- 

 troduced, showing the construction of the horse « • wu 



Fig. 8. 

 Shows the ground surface of the hoof prepared for receiving a shoe ; and marxB very 

 listinctly the diflfereuce between the curvature of the outer aud inner quarters. 

 a The toe — rasped away to receive the turned-up shoe, a 1. The iimer toe. a 2. Th« 

 ouier toe. 61. The tWTlfir quarter. 6 2. The (mter quarter, cl. The inner heeL 

 c 2. The (rater heel. ddd. The sole, e e. The crust or wall of the hoof //. The bars. 

 g g. The commissures, hkl. The frog. 



{ft. The part immediately under the navicular joint. 

 t. The oval cleft of the frog. 

 L The elevated boundary of the cleft. 

 i i. The bulbs of the heels. 



As the various parts of the horse's foot cannot be better 

 lescribed for the purposes of this work than they have 

 been by Mr. Miles (from wliose manual the abpve cuts are 

 transferred), extracts are here made from his description: 



The hoof is divided into horny crust or wall, sole, and frog. 



The horny crust is secreted by the numerous blood- 

 vessels of that sotTfc protruding band which encircles the 

 upper edge of the hoof, immediately beneath the termina- 

 tion of the hair; and is divided into toe, quarters, heela, 

 and bars Its texture is insensible, but elastic throughout 

 its whole extent ; and, yielding to the weight of the horse, 

 allows the horny sole to descend, whereby much inconven- 

 ient concussion of the internal parts of the foot is avoided. 

 But if a large portion of the circumference of the foot be 



