The Spanish Ibex 141 
as the “ Circo de Grédos”—including the gorge of the Laguna 
Grande, the Risco del Fraile, Risco del Francés, and that of Ame4l 
de Pablo, together with the wild valley of Las Cinco Lagunas— 
as shown on rough sketch-plan annexed. 
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ZY, RiSCOS pe Las CINCO LAGUNAS =~ 
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SKETCH-MAP OF THE NUCLEO CENTRAL OF GREDOS 
(A, Alto del Casquerdzo. B. Riscos del Fraile, with the Hermanitos in front. ) 
In 1896 we estimated the stock of ibex at fifty head, and 
during the following years it fell far below that—by 1905 almost 
to zero. In 1907, after only two years of ‘‘sanctuary,” it was 
computed by the guards that the total exceeded 300 head. 
In July 1910 we inquired if it were possible to estimate the 
