350 Unexplored Spain 
for the purpose to be divested of foliage), illustrate the singular 
multiple growth described. 
The foliage of the pins4po differs from ordinary pine-needles, 
being rather a series of stiff outstanding spines analogous to those 
of the Araucaria. They display a crimson efflorescence in March, 
developing into clusters of red cones by April, and ripening in 
August to September.’ 
The pinsdpo-forests are subject to terrible destruction alike 
aes 
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PINSAPO PINES (Abies pinsapo) 
Diagram to show trunk-plan, divested of foliage. Girth at base 30 to 45 feet. 
by hatchet and fire, tempest and avalanche. Forest-fires sweep 
whole glens; while rock-slides overwhelm and uproot even the 
biggest trees by scores. Few scenes that we have witnessed are 
more eloquent of nature’s violence than these traces of an 
avalanche. Mammoth skeletons, weird and weather-blanched, 
protrude by the hundred from chaotic rock-ruin—some still 
upright, others overthrown or half submerged in debris, yet 
We have a number of pinsdpos growing in Northumberland. They were planted some 
ten years ago on a cold northern exposure, and are now flourishing vigorously, some having 
reached a height of eight or ten feet. Nearly all tend to throw up numerous “‘leaders” as 
described. 
