GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. 11 
tagious are the sharp note of anger, the low hum of fear, and the 
pleasant tone of a swarm as they commence to enter their new 
home. Now, whether insects take note of these vibrations as we 
recognize pitch, or whether they just distinguish the tremor, I 
think no one knows.” 
26. It is well proven that bees can smell with their 
antennz, and Cheshire carefully describes the ‘‘ smell hol- 
lows,’’ not to be mistaken for the ‘‘ ear holes,’’ which are 
smaller, but also located on the antenna. 
“In the case of the worker, the eight active joints of the an- 
tenna have an average of fifteen rows, of twenty smell-hollows 
each, or 2,400 oneach antenna. The queen has a less number, giv- 
ing about 1,600 oneach antenna. If these organs are olfactory, we 
see the reason. The worker’s necessity to smell nectar explains 
all. We, perhaps, exclaim—Can it be that these little threads 
Fig. 4. 
LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH PORTION OF FLAGELLUM OF 
ANTENNA OF WORKER. 
(Magnified 300 times. From Cheshire.) 
J, feeling hair; -, smelling organ; ho, hollow; ¢, conoid or cone-shaped 
hair; #1 hypodermal or under-skin layer; 7,7, nerves in bundles; ar, ar- 
ticulation; ¢’, conoid hair, magnified 800 times. 
we call antennz can thus carry thousands of organs each requir- 
ing its own nerve end? But greater surprises await us, and I 
must admit that the examinations astonished me greatly. In the 
drone antenna we have thirteen joints in all, of which nine are 
barrel-shaped and special, and these are covered completely by 
smell-hollows. An average of thirty rows of these, seventy in a 
row, on the nine joints of the two antenna, give the astounding 
