THE WORKER-BEE. 67 
out-door duties only during the later periods of their existence. 
The Italian bees (551) furnished me with suitable means to test 
the correctness of this opinion. 
“On the 18th of April, 1855, I introduced (533) an Italian 
queen into a colony of common bees; and on the 10th of May 
following, the first Italian workers emerged from the cells. On 
the ensuing day, they emerged in great numbers, as the colony 
had been kept in good condition by regular and plentiful feeding. 
I will arrange my observations under the following heads: 
161, “2. On the 10th of May, the first Italian workers 
emerged ; and on the 17th they made their first appearance out- 
side of the hive. On the next day, and then daily till the 29th, 
they came forth about noon, disporting in front of the hive, in 
the rays of the sun. They, however, manifestly, did not issue 
for the purpose of gathering honey or pollen, for during that 
time none were noticed returning with pellets; none were seen 
alighting on any of the flowers in my garden; and I found no 
honey in the stomachs of such as I caught and killed for examin- 
ation. The gathering was done exclusively by the old bees of 
the original stock, until the 29th of May, when the Italian bees 
began to labor in that vocation also—being then 19 days old. 
162. “2. On the feeding troughs placed in my garden, and 
which were constantly crowded with common bees, I saw no 
Italian bees till the 27th of May, seventeen days after the first 
had emerged from the cells. 
“From the 10th of May on,I daily presented to Italian bees, 
in the hive, astick dipped in honey. The younger ones never 
attempted to lick any of it; the older occasionally seemed to sip 
alittle, but immediately left it and moved away. The common 
bees always eagerly licked it up, never leaving it till they had 
filled their honey-bags. Not till the 25th of May didI see any 
Italian bee lick up honey eagerly, as the common bees did from 
the beginning. 
‘“ These repeated observations force me to conclude that, during 
same: experiments have jroven that one of the species cannot fulfill all 
the functions shared among the workers of a hive. We painted those of each 
class with different colors, in order to study their proceedings; and these were 
not interchanged. In another experiment,after supplying a hive, deprived of 
aqueen, with brood and pollen, we saw the small bees quickly occupied in the 
feeding ofthe larva, while those of the wax-working class neglected thein. 
Small bees also produce wax, but in a very inferior quantity to what is elab- 
orated by the real wax-workcers.’’ The two kinds spoken of by Huber were 
bees at different stages of life. 
