CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS. 23 



24. I divide the class Mammals into five sub-classes : 

 1. Bimana (Latin bis twice, and manus hand), two-hand- 

 ed animals. Man is the only representative of this sub- 

 class. 2. Pedimana ( Pes foot, and manus), foot-handed 

 animals. This is the ape and monkey tribe. The name 

 which I have given it is different from that which it 

 commonly has in the classifications of zoologists, and the 

 grounds of the change I will state when I come to speak 

 particularly of this tribe. 3. Cheiroptera, hand-winged 

 animals, or the bat tribe. This name is taken from two 

 Greek words, x^'^Pi <^heir, hand, and wrepov, pteron, wing. 

 4. Quadrupeds, or four-footed Mammals. Of these there 

 are two divisions, the Ungujculata (Latin unguis, a nail 

 or claw), and the Ungulata, from ungula, a hoof. 6. 

 Cetacea, marine Mammals, or the whale tribe. These 

 have neither hands nor feet. They were formerly class- 

 ed -ivith fishes, but although they are shaped like fishes, 

 they have warm blood, and suckle their young, and have 

 lungs and not gills. They, therefore, belong among 

 Mammals, although they live in the water. 



Questions. — What are the four grand divisions of the Animal King- 

 dom? Describe the skeleton of man. What is said of the central 

 column of bones? Describe its an-angement in man. What is said 

 of this column in quadrupeds? What of it in birds? What of it in 

 fishes ? What of it in the turtle tribe ? What of it in the body, 

 neck, and tails of various Vertebrates ? What of it in the snakes ? 

 What is said of the variety in the skeletons of different vertebrates? 

 Why are they called Vertebrates ? AVTiat is said of the nervous sys- 

 tem of the Vertebrates ? Describe the arrangement of the spinal mar- 

 row. What gives the Articulates their name ? How are the muscles 

 of the Articulates arranged ? What are the chief classes of this sub- 

 kingdom? What is said of the covering of these diffasent tribes? 

 Describe the arrangemeiit of tho nervous system of the Articulates. 

 What is said of the Mollusks ? Why do the Radiates have this name? 

 What is the arrangement of their nervous system? What is said- of 

 the relative rank of the four sub-kingdoms ? What of the use of the 

 word perfect in regard to organization ? Give the distinction between 

 species and varieties. Give the various terms used in classification 

 and their meaning- ^Chat are the grand divisions of the Vertebrates ? 



