88 



NATUBAl HISTORY. 



trees, but most of the order are fitted to gather and live 

 upon the herbage on the surface of the ground. 



153. The feet in this order agree in terminating in two 

 toes with hoofs. These appear externally as if there was 

 a single hoof cleft. Hence these animals have been call- 

 ed cloven-footed. No animal in this order has front or 

 incisor teeth in the upper jaw. There is a firm pad there, 

 against which the incisor or cutting teeth of the lower 

 jaw press when the jaws are brought together. The 

 back teeth are specially formed for grinding, and the 

 jaws are adapted to the sidewise grinding motion. The 

 difference between this and the motion of the jaws in a 

 carnivorous animal, you may see if you observe a cow 

 and a dog when eating. 



154. The name of this order is given to it from the 

 singular process called rumination. The object of this 

 I will explain. The stomach of the Ruminant is not a 

 single organ. It has four cavities, as you may see in Fig. 

 74," in the case of the Sheep ; or, rather, there are four 



CEsophagiis. 



Intestine. 



Fig. T4 — Stomachs of the Sheep. 



stomachs. The grass cropped by the Ruminant animal 

 is not chewed at once, but is passed directly into the 



