NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXV. 1918. 41 



215. Strix kirchhoffii Brehm = Tyto alba alba. 



Strix Kirchhoffii A. B. Brehm, AUg. D. Naturh. Zeitung, 1857. p. 440 (Spain) ; C. L. Brehm, 

 Naumannia, p. 219 (South Spain). 



Type : <J ad., Spain, xi. 1856. A. E. Brehm coll. 



This must be the type, as it is the only Spanish skin in the collection and 

 has a perfectly white underside. Unfortunately it has lost its original label 

 and has no primaries, the latter apparently having been torn out. It is in the 

 typical preparation of A. E. Brehm and collected in 1856. As I have pointed 

 out before, Alfred Brehm did not intend to separate the Spanish Barn-Owl from 

 that of Central Europe, but he named only those with white underside Strix 

 kirchhoffi, and he allowed also Strix flammea adspersa and splendens to occur 

 in Spain. 



216. Strix margaritata Brehm = Tyto alba alba. 



Strix margaritata Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 40 (1855 — without indication of locality) ; Naumannia, 

 1858. p. 216 (" Se. Hoheit, der Herzog Paul von Wiirttemberg entdeckte diese Eule in Nord- 

 afrika, und batte die Gvite, mir ein Stiick zu iiberlassen. loh erhielt sie aber auch aus dem 

 Rodathale im Oktober 1845, und friiher schon aus Gera, namlich im Jahre 1826. Sie ist in 

 meinem Handbuohe als Strix guttata beschrieben "). The type, therefore, is the bird from the 

 Duke Paul of Wiirttemberg. The last sentence, i.e. that this bird was described in 1831 as 

 S. guttata, is not clear, because there he described birds from Riigen, which visited Germany 

 in winter, with pale rusty yellow underside and white middle of abdomen ; nothing is said 

 about spots on the underside. 



Type : <J ad., Egypt, winter. Received from Duke Paul of Wiirttemberg. 



I have united the Egyptian birds with the rest of the Mediterranean ones 

 and given my reasons on pages 1032-1036 of Vog. d. pal. Fauna. There is 

 no doubt that Egyptian birds show as a rule numerous spots on the underside, 

 but they are not constant and such specimens occur also in other countries. 



217. Strix paradoxa Brehm = Tyto alba alba. 



Strix paradoxa Brehm, Naumannia, 1858. p. 217 (collected by Dr. Buvry in Algeria). 



Type : t? ad., Plain of Bone, North Algeria, 13. vii. 1855. Dr. L. Buvry leg. 



218. Strix adspeisa Brehm = Tyto alba guttata. 



Strix adspersa Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 40 (1855 — without indication of locality) ; id., Naumannia, 

 1858. p. 215 (Eisenberg in Altenburg and Orlatal). 



Type : Eisenberg in Altenburg, 5. iv. 1816. 



This is a specimen with golden brown underside, a typical dark German 

 bird. 



*219. Strix maculata Brehm = Tyto alba maculata. 



Strix maculata Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 40 (1855 — " Nordostafrika " ) ; id., Naumannia, 1858. p. 220 

 (" Sennaar "). 



Type : ? ad., Khartum, 16. v. 1851. A. E. Brehm leg. 

 This is an excellent, easily recognisable subspecies, which inhabits Africa 

 generally, from Nubia (Shendi) to South Africa. 



